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1. 20th WCP: Haack On Fuzzy Logic While traditionally Logic has corrected or avoided vagueness, fuzzy Logic It is not just Logic of vagueness; it iswhat from Frege s point of view would http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Logi/LogiGrun.htm

Logic and Philosophy of Logic Haack On Fuzzy Logic Joseph Grunfeld Drexel University ABSTRACT: Much of the progress in modern logic beyond Aristotle is due to the invention of a precise and powerful formalism, and this is why Haack is reluctant to weaken it. What motivates her to regard deviant and fuzzy logic as extensions rather than rivals of classical logic is its demonstrated capacity for refinement and progress. Thus she sharply distinguishes between a logic dealing with fuzzy concepts (she accepts), and one which is itself fuzzy, i.e., where "true" and "false" cease to be precise concepts (she rejects). While it is often more convenient to retain as much as possible of classical logic because of its simplicity and familiarity, there is nothing in the hermeneutical view of logic to render it immune from revision. Yet to treat logic as a canon of interpretation conflicts with Haack's idea of what logic is and does. L.A. Zadeh who introduced the term "fuzzy logic" reserves it for the result of a second stage of fuzzification, motivated by the idea that "true" and "false" are themselves vague: a family of systems in which the indenumerably many values of truth values of the base logic are superseded by denumerably many fuzzy truth values

2. The (topo)logic Of Vagueness Downloadable ! Author(s) Hill, Brian. 2007 Abstract Zeno s. http://ideas.repec.org/p/ebg/heccah/0867.html

This file is part of IDEAS , which uses RePEc data Papers Articles Software Books ... Help! The (topo)logic of vagueness Author info Abstract Publisher info Download info ... Statistics Author Info Hill, Brian liame2('fr','hec','m7i7','hill') Abstract Download Info To download: If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. Information about this may be contained in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help file . Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large. File URL: http://www.hec.fr/hec/fr/professeurs_recherche/upload/cahiers/BHillVagueness.BHILL.pdf File Format: application/pdf File Function: Download Restriction: no Publisher Info Paper provided by Groupe HEC in its series Les Cahiers de Recherche with number 867. Download reference. The following formats are available: HTML plain text BibTeX RIS (EndNote), ReDIF Length: 15 pages Date of creation: 16 Jan 2007 Date of revision: Handle: RePEc:ebg:heccah:0867 Keywords: Vagueness; theories of; problem of; sorites paradox; Zeno's paradox scale.

3. The Logic Of Vagueness And Precision EJ165783 The Logic of vagueness and Precision. Title, The Logic of vagueness and Precision. Authors, Bramwell, R. D. http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=EJ165783

4. -< P E I R C E >- Peirce s Logic of vagueness asserts that vagueness (which can never be However, another way to think of the Logic of vagueness is as a Logic that http://www.digitalpeirce.fee.unicamp.br/peichi.htm

5. Fuzzy Logic Goes To Market Fuzzy Logic Quantifies Vagueness And Children learn what hot means the hard way by experience. But to teach its meaning to a computer we must provide it with a precise definition. Computers. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13318074.600-fuzzy-logic-goes-to-market-fu

6. Atlas: The (topo)logic Of Vagueness By Brian Hill Uncertainty Reasoning about probability and vagueness September 58, 2006 The (topo)Logic of vagueness by Brian Hill IHPST / University Paris 1 http://atlas-conferences.com/c/a/s/u/13.htm

Atlas home Conferences Abstracts about Atlas Uncertainty: Reasoning about probability and vagueness September 5-8, 2006 Institute of Philosophy, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic Organizers Ondrej Majer, Libor Behounek, Petr Cintula View Abstracts Conference Homepage The (topo)logic of vagueness by Brian Hill IHPST / University Paris 1 PDF Date received: June 6, 2006 Atlas Conferences Inc. Document # casu-13.

7. The Logic Of Vagueness And The Category Of Synechism That same year, occupying himself with the consequences of Critical commonsensism, he affirmed, I have worked out the Logic of vagueness with something http://www.code.uni-wuppertal.de/uk/computational_design/who/nadin/publications/

computational design who mihai nadin publication ... articles in books In his article "Issues of Pragmaticism" published in 1905, in The Monist (vol. 15, pp. 481-99), Charles S. Peirce complains that "Logicians have been at fault in giving Vagueness the go-by, so far as not even to analyze it." That same year, occupying himself with the consequences of "Critical commonsensism," he affirmed, "I have worked out the logic of vagueness with something like completeness," a statement that causes the majority of the commentators on his work, including the editors of the Collected Papers (1) to ask where this logic is to be found. The fever for finding Peirce's manuscripts is fed by the hope of some researchers of discovering the logic of vagueness, a hope that has grown since Carolyn Eisele's publication of his mathematical works. Others-and I count myself among them-believe that in reality this is matter of something already known. That is, they interpret the affirmation ending the paragraph of reproach addressed to logicians, "The present writer has done his best to work out the Stechiology (or Stoicheiology), Critic, and Methodeutik of the subject," (i.e., Vagueness) as a tripartite semiotic of the vague, still limited, according to Peirce's older works (1896, "Preface" to The Simplest Mathematics ), to symbols, that is, to the signs of natural language examined from the perspective logic.

8. EconPapers: The (topo)logic Of Vagueness By Brian Hill; Abstract Zeno s dichotomy paradox of the runner and the sorites paradox exhibit certain interesting similarities. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/ebgheccah/0867.htm

EconPapers Home About EconPapers Working Papers Journal Articles ... Format for printing EconPapers has moved to http://econpapers.repec.org! Please update your bookmarks. The (topo)logic of vagueness Brian Hill No 867, Les Cahiers de Recherche from Groupe HEC Abstract: Keywords: Vagueness theories of problem of sorites paradox ... Zeno's paradox scale. (search for similar items in EconPapers) JEL-codes: (search for similar items in EconPapers) Date: View list of references Downloads: (external link) http://www.hec.fr/he ... lVagueness.BHILL.pdf (application/pdf) Related works: This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title. Access Statistics for this paper More papers in Les Cahiers de Recherche from Groupe HEC Address: HEC Business School, 78351 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France Contact information at EDIRC Series data maintained by Sandra Dupouy ( This site is part of RePEc and all the data displayed here is part of the RePEc data set. Is your work missing from RePEc? Here is how to contribute Questions or problems? Check the

9. JSTOR Australasian Association For Logic 2000 Annual Conference Is completeness or consistency threatened; i.e., must a Logic of vagueness be paracomplete or paraconsistent? What of modus ponens and identity principles? http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1079-8986(200106)7:2<287:AAFL2A>2.0.CO;2-S

10. A Modal Supervaluation Description Logic For Characterization Of Vague Concepts: Logic • vagueness • tableau calculus. Disclaimer Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through......Key Words http://jigpal.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/6/873

@import "/resource/css/hw.css"; @import "/resource/css/igpl.css"; Skip Navigation Oxford Journals Contact Us My Basket ... Volume 14, Number 6 Pp. 873-888 Logic Journal of IGPL Advance Access originally published online on October 13, 2006 Logic Journal of IGPL 2006 14(6):873-888; doi:10.1093/jigpal/jzl027 This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My Personal Archive ... Request Permissions Google Scholar Articles by Liu, L. Articles by Chen, L. Search for Related Content A Modal Supervaluation Description Logic for Characterization of Vague Concepts: its semantics and a tableau algorithm for it Lei Liu and Lin Chen Department of Computer Science, Tongji University, 4800 CaoAn Road, ShangHai, China. E-mail: Abstract In this paper we define the syntax and semantics of a description logic ALC s which is the Description logic ALC combined with modal supervaluation logic for representing vague knowledge.

11. Enigmania: Vaguely Logical Kit Fine was, rather appropriately, rather vague about his extraordinary Logic of vagueness (not its name, probably) last night (in St Andrews), http://enigmanically.blogspot.com/2007/11/vagueness.html

skip to main skip to sidebar Enigmania Mystery + Paradox = Philosophy of Mathematics Monday, November 05, 2007 Vaguely Logical Kit Fine was, rather appropriately, rather vague about his extraordinary logic of vagueness not its name, probably ) last night ( in St Andrews ), which got me wondering what we could possibly want a logic of vagueness for ... Our predicates are naturally usually as definite as our ordinary uses of them require them to be, and even in situations in which they're insufficiently definite, the usual logic of definite predicates ) will inform of us that fact, by throwing up a simple contradiction, the resolution of which is also quite ordinary : We need only precisify some predicate(s) somewhat, and we can continue as before. That's all very rough and ready, but at least it works well enough. When devising our more logical theories of things, our theoretical languages must at present contain only definite predicates, but is that a bad thing? ( Do we want vague terms in our scientific theories? ) The selection of the more precise predicate(s) is a free act of human creativity, but there is no more

12. Working Group In HPLMS - Meetings 2004-05 One particularly appealingat first blushproposal of this sort had it that truth comes in infinitely many degrees, and that the Logic of vagueness is http://hplms.berkeley.edu/archive04-05.html

About Events Meetings 2004-05 Wednesday, April 27, 2005, 6:00-7:30 Dennes Room (234 Moses) Alison Gopnik (UC-Berkeley, Psychology) Babies and Bayes Nets: Theory formation in scientists and children. Wednesday, April 6, 2005, 6:00-7:30 Dennes Room (234 Moses) Lionel Shapiro (PITT/UCONN, Philosophy - visiting Berkeley this term) Making Sense of Circular Concepts According to Anil Gupta and Nuel Belnap, the "extensional behavior" of 'true' matches that of a circularly defined predicate. Besides promising to explain semantic paradoxicality, their general theory of circular predicates significantly liberalizes the framework of truth-conditional semantics. The authors' discussions of the rationale behind that liberalization invoke two distinct senses in which a circular predicate's semantic behavior is explained by a "revision rule" carrying "hypothetical information" about the predicate's extension. Both attempted explanations, I argue, face fundamental objections. I then suggest a radical avenue of response to my critique: the theory may be modified to employ a relativized notion of extension, so as to yield a contextualist semantics in which circularity is construed as a pragmatic phenomenon. I argue that this way of putting some of Gupta and Belnap's formal machinery to semantic use preserves several of their theory's attractions as a description of the concept of truth.

13. Dipartimento Di Filosofia - Università Di Pisa A particularly pressing problem is surely that of the “Logic of vagueness,” which has become nowadays a very important issue in Logic and computer science http://www.fls.unipi.it/db/persone_scheda.php?id_persona=64

14. Blackwell Synergy - Philosophy Compass, Volume 2 Issue 6 Page 896-909, November Hence the question has arisen what the Logic of vagueness is, My point is that even if the fuzzy Logic is the Logic of vagueness there is no reason to http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2007.00110.x

Skip to main content Email: Password: Register Forgotten Password Athens/Institution Login Synergy Home ... Help Journal Menu Table of Contents List of Issues Tools Email this article Add to favorite articles Export this citation Alert me when this article is cited: Email RSS (What is this?) Publication history Issue online: 14 Nov 2007 Philosophy Compass 2/6 (2007): 896909, 10.1111/j.1747-9991.2007.00110.x Home List of Issues Table of Contents Article Abstract Philosophy Compass Volume 2 Issue 6 Page 896-909, November 2007 To cite this article: Matti Eklund (2007) Characterizing Vagueness doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2007.00110.x Prev Article Next Article Abstract Characterizing Vagueness Matti Eklund Cornell University * Correspondence address: Sage School of Philosophy, Cornell University, 218 Goldwin Smith Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. Email: me72@cornell.edu. Cornell University Abstract Users who read this article also read: Four Faces of Moral Realism Stephen Finlay Philosophy Compass, Volume 2, Issue 6, Page 820-849, Nov 2007

15. Principles Of Excluded Middle And Contradiction Robert Lane This Peirce s principles are crucial to a correct understanding of his socalled Logic of vagueness (LOV) (5.506, c.1905), his account of the various sorts of http://www.westga.edu/~rlane/csp/principles.htm

Principles of Excluded Middle and Contradiction Robert Lane This article was originally written for the online Digital Encyclopedia of Charles S. Peirce and posted as a part of that web site during January 2001. PRINCIPLES OF EXCLUDED MIDDLE AND CONTRADICTION Peirce's principles of excluded middle and contradiction more resembled those of Aristotle than those of contemporary logicians. While the principles themselves are simple and straightforward, many of Peirce's comments about them have been misunderstood by commentators. In particular, his belief that the principle of excluded middle does not apply to the general (or to propositions expressing necessity) and that the principle of contradiction does not apply to the vague (or to propositions expressing possibility) have been mistakenly connected to his eventual rejection of the principle of bivalence and development of three-valued logical connectives. An understanding of Peirce's view of those logical principles shows that those beliefs motivated neither his rejection of bivalence nor his work in triadic logic. Key Words: Excluded Middle, Contradiction, Logic, Bivalence, Modality

16. NYU > Philosophy > Field, Hartry vagueness, Partial Belief and Logic , forthcoming in G. Ostertag, ed., Meanings and Other Things Essays on Stephen Schiffer. http://philosophy.fas.nyu.edu/object/hartryfield

Back to Previous Page Hartry Field Silver Professor of Philosophy; Professor of Philosophy Department of Philosophy 5 Washington Place New York, NY 10003 Phone: (212) 998-3795 Fax: (212) 995-4179 Email: Ph.D. 1972 (philosophy), M.A. 1968 (philosophy), Harvard; B.A. 1967 (mathematics), Wisconsin. HARTRY FIELD (B.A., Wisconsin; M.A., Ph. D. Harvard), Silver Professor of Philosophy, specializes in metaphysics, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of logic, and philosophy of science. He has had fellowships from the National Science Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Guggenheim Foundation. He is the author of Science Without Numbers (Blackwell 1980), which won the Lakatos Prize, of Realism, Mathematics and Modality (Blackwell 1989), and of Truth and the Absence of Fact (Oxford 2001). Current interests include objectivity and indeterminacy, a priori knowledge, causation, and the semantic and set-theoretic paradoxes.

17. From Heaps And Gaps To Heaps Of Gluts - Logic And Semantics Of Vagueness | Mind A simple dualisation of supervaluation semantics results in a paraconsistent Logic of vagueness based on what has been termed subvaluational semantics. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2346/is_n424_v106/ai_20035454

@import url(/css/us/pub_page_article.css); @import url(/css/us/template_503.css); @import url(/css/us/tabs_503.css); @import url(/css/us/fa_bnet.css); @import url(http://i.bnet.com/css/fa.css); BNET Research Center Find 10 Million Articles BNET.com Advanced Search Find in free and premium articles free articles only premium articles only this publication Arts Autos Business Health News Reference Sports Technology Explore Publications in: all Arts Autos Business ... Technology Content provided in partnership with FIND IN free and premium articles free articles only premium articles only this publication Arts Autos Business Health News Reference Sports Technology Advanced Search print share ... link From heaps and gaps to heaps of gluts - logic and semantics of vagueness Mind Oct, 1997 by Dominic Hyde Most Popular Articles in Reference The importance of ... Credit card debt on ... Child labor: the real ... Your Computer Chair ... ... More Most Popular Publications in Reference Encyclopedia of ... International ... Georgetown Law Journal Library Trends ... More 1. Introduction Advertisement My claim will be that theories which advocate a retreat to paraconsistency as opposed to paracompleteness as a response to the problems posed by vagueness cannot be dismissed so easily as has been thought.

18. Vagueness (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) Thus the Logic of vagueness is a Logic for equivocators. Lewis idea is that ambiguous statements are true when they come out true under all disambiguations http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/vagueness/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Vagueness First published Sat Feb 8, 1997; substantive revision Tue Aug 29, 2006 There is wide agreement that a term is vague to the extent that it has borderline cases. This makes the notion of a borderline case crucial in accounts of vagueness. I shall concentrate on an historical characterization of borderline cases that most commentators would accept. Vagueness will then be contrasted with ambiguity and generality. This will clarify the nature of the philosophical challenge posed by vagueness. I will then discuss some rival theories of vagueness with an emphasis on many-valued logic, supervaluationism and contextualism. I will conclude with the issue of whether all vagueness is linguistic. 1. Inquiry Resistance 2. Comparison with Ambiguity and Generality 3. The Philosophical Challenge Posed by Vagueness 4. Many-valued Logic ... Related Entries 1. Inquiry Resistance If you cut one head off of a two headed man, have you decapitated him? What is the maximum height of a short man? When does a fertilized egg develop into a person? Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology A proposition is vague when there are possible states of things concerning which it is intrinsically uncertain whether, had they been contemplated by the speaker, he would have regarded them as excluded or allowed by the proposition. By intrinsically uncertain we mean not uncertain in consequence of any ignorance of the interpreter, but because the speaker's habits of language were indeterminate. (Peirce 1902, 748)

19. Arché Vagueness Conference An international conference bringing together leading figures in philosophy to discuss the nature and the Logic of vagueness. http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~arche/vagueness/index.html

Home Call for papers Register Programme ... Links and information 8-9 June 2007 The Gateway, University of St. Andrews (UK) This international conference brings together leading figures in philosophy to discuss the nature and the logic of vagueness. Organised by , The AHRC Research Centre for the Philosophy of Logic, Language, Mathematics and Mind, the conference will conclude the series of workshops hosted by the since January 2004. Conference Schedule The final conference schedule is now available and can be downloaded here Confirmed Speakers Graeme Forbes Leon Horsten John MacFarlane Nathan Salmon Nicholas Smith Scott Soames Roy Sorensen Crispin Wright Call for papers In addition, two contributions will be selected from a call for papers for graduate students. Each speaker will have a commentator. For more information, contact Richard Dietz or Sebastiano Moruzzi Web design Mike Arrowsmith

20. Evolution Of Fuzzy Logic: From Intelligent Systems And Computation To Human Mind The first of these sources was initiated by Peirce in the form what he called a Logic of vagueness in 1900s, and the second source is Lotfi’s A. Zadeh work, http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1290513

21. Bled Philosophical Conferences I will present a Logic of vagueness which attempts to combine the advantages of both supervaluationist and many valued approaches, while avoiding their http://www.bled-conference.si/index.php?page=content&page_id=12

22. List KWIC DDC22 510 And MSC+ZDM E-N Lexical Connection Logic in computer science 03B70 Logic of knowledge and belief 03B42 Logic of natural languages 03B65 Logic of vagueness fuzzy Logic; 03B52 http://www.math.unipd.it/~biblio/kwic/msc-cdd/dml2_11_33.htm

linear integral equations # systems of linear integral equations # systems of nonsingular linear integral equations # systems of singular linear logic and other substructural logics linear logic, Lambek calculus, BCK and BCI logics) # substructural logics (including relevance, entailment, linear mappings, matrices, determinants, theory of equation) # linear algebra. multilinear algebra. (vector spaces, linear models # generalized linear operators linear operators # equations and inequalities involving linear operators # equations with linear operators # general theory of linear operators # groups and semigroups of linear operators # special classes of linear operators (operator and matrix valued functions, etc., including analytic and meromorphic ones) # functions whose values are linear operators as elements of algebraic systems # individual linear operators) # linear relations (multivalued linear operators, their generalizations and applications # groups and semigroups of linear operators, with operator unknowns # equations involving

23. The Many Valued And Nonmonotonic Turn In Logic, 8 - Elsevier Quantum Logic (M. Dalla Chiara, Roberto Giuntini and Miklos Redei) Chapter 5. Logic of vagueness (Dominic Hyde) Chapter 6. Fuzzy Logic (Didier Dubois, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/708230

Home Site map Elsevier websites Alerts ... The Many Valued and Nonmonotonic Turn in Logic, 8 Book information Product description Audience Author information and services Ordering information Bibliographic and ordering information Conditions of sale Book-related information Submit your book proposal Other books in same subject area About Elsevier Select your view THE MANY VALUED AND NONMONOTONIC TURN IN LOGIC, 8 To order this title, and for more information, click here Edited By Dov M. Gabbay , King's College London, UK John Woods , University of British Columbia, Canada Included in series Handbook of the History of Logic, 8 Handbook of the History of Logic, Handbook of the History of Logic, Description Audience Researchers and historians in all areas of logic, including theorists, theorists of legal reasoning and cognitive psychologists Contents Preface List of Contributors Chapter 1. Many-valued Logic (Grzegorz Malinowski) Chapter 2. Paraconsistent Logic: Preservationist Variations (Bryson Brown) Chapter 3. Paraconsistent Logic: Dialethic Variations (Graham Priest) Chapter 4. Quantum Logic (M. Dalla Chiara, Roberto Giuntini and Miklos Redei) Chapter 5. Logic of Vagueness (Dominic Hyde) Chapter 6. Fuzzy Logic (Didier Dubois, Henri Prade and Lluis Godo) Chapter 7. Non-monotonic Logic (Karl Schlechta) Chapter 8. Default Logic (Grigoris Antoniou and Kewen Wang) Chapter 9. Non-monotonic Reasoning and Belief Change (Alexander Bochman) Chapter 10. Free Logic (Carl Posy) Index Hardbound, 690 pages, publication date: JUL-2007

24. MIT OpenCourseWare | Linguistics And Philosophy | 24.729 Topics In Philosophy Of Chapter 4 in vagueness. 3, Supervaluationism (Part 1). * Fine, Kit. vagueness, truth and Logic. In vagueness A Reader. (No need to feel guilty if you http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Linguistics-and-Philosophy/24-729Fall-2005/Readings/in

Home Courses Donate About OCW ... Linguistics and Philosophy Topics in Philosophy of Language: Vagueness Readings This section features the two books used most often in this course and a list of readings by session . Students are especially encouraged to read the starred (*) texts. Required Texts Keefe, Rosanna, and Peter Smith, eds. Vagueness: A Reader . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996. ISBN: 0262112256. Williamson, Timothy. Vagueness . New York, NY: Routledge, 1994. ISBN: 0415033314. Readings by Session Course readings. SES # TOPICS READINGS Why Bother? * Russell, Bertrand. "Vagueness." In Vagueness: A Reader Williamson, Timothy. "The ideal of precision." Chapter 2 in Vagueness Degrees of Truth * Machina, Kenton F. "Truth, belief and vagueness." In Vagueness: A Reader * Sainsbury, R. M. "Concepts without boundaries." In Vagueness: A Reader Williamson, Timothy. "Many-valued logic and degrees of truth." Chapter 4 in Vagueness Supervaluationism (Part 1) * Fine, Kit. "Vagueness, truth and logic." In Vagueness: A Reader . (No need to feel guilty if you skip section 5.) Williamson, Timothy. "Supervaluations." Chapter 5 in

25. IngentaConnect Ten Questions And One Problem On Fuzzy Logic But this leaves open the question of intuitive adequacy of manyvalued Logic as a Logic of vagueness. Below I shall try to isolate eight questions Parikh http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/01680072/1999/00000096/00000001/art000

26. Formal Epistemology - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Horacio ArlóCosta (epistemic Logic, belief revision, conditionals) causation); Timothy Williamson (knowledge, modality, Logic, vagueness, etc) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_epistemology

var wgNotice = ""; var wgNoticeLocal = ""; var wgNoticeLang = "en"; var wgNoticeProject = "wikipedia"; Formal epistemology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Formal epistemology is a subdiscipline of epistemology that utilizes formal methods from logic probability theory and computability theory to elucidate traditional epistemic problems. Contents Topics History Contemporary Formal Epistemologists References ... edit Topics Some of the topics that come under the heading of formal epistemology include: Ampliative inference (including inductive logic Game theory and decision theory Algorithmic learning theory computational epistemology Formal theories of coherence Foundations of probability and statistics Formal approaches to paradoxes of belief and/or action. edit History Though formally oriented epistemologists have been laboring since the emergence of formal logic (if not earlier), only recently have they been organized under a common disciplinary title. This gain in popularity may be attributed to the organization of yearly Formal Epistemology Workshops by Branden Fitelson and Sahotra Sarkar , starting in 2004, and the recent PHILOG -conferences starting in 2002 (The Network for Philosophical Logic and Its Applications) organized by Vincent F. Hendricks

27. Vagueness - Bibliography Brock, Jarrett 1979 Principal Themes in Peirce s Logic of vagueness , .. Nadin, M 1980 The Logic of vagueness and the Category of Synechism , http://www.btinternet.com/~justin.needle/bib_alpha.htm

Alphabetical bibliography on vagueness and the Sorites Paradox Last updated: 16th July 2003 Abbott, W R [1983] 'A Note on Grim's Sorites Argument', Analysis 43, pp. 161-4. Akiba, Ken [1999] 'On super- and subvaluationism: a classicist's reply to Hyde', Mind 108, pp. 727-732. Akiba, Ken [2000] 'Identity is simple', American Philosophical Quarterly 37, pp. 389-404. Akiba, Ken [2000] 'Indefiniteness of mathematical objects', Philosophia Mathematica 8, pp. 26-46. [ abstract Akiba, Ken [2000] 'Vagueness as a modality', Philosophical Quarterly 50, pp. 359-70. [ abstract Akiba, Ken [2002] 'A deflationist approach to indeterminacy and vagueness', Philosophical Studies 107, pp. 69-86. [ abstract Akiba, Ken [2002] 'Can deflationism allow for hidden indeterminacy?', Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 83, pp. 223-34. [ abstract Akiba, Ken [2002] 'Review of Terence Parsons, Indeterminate Identity', Philosophical Quarterly 52, pp. 262-5. Aldrich, V [1937] 'Some Meanings of "Vague"', Analysis 4, pp. 89-95. Alston, W P [1964] Philosophy of Language , Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

28. Characterizing Vagueness : Philosophy Compass This article focuses on the question of what characterizes vagueness (in the what the Logic of vagueness is, and what sort of indeterminacy vagueness is http://www.blackwell-compass.com/subject/philosophy/article_view?article_id=phco

29. View Quotes While, traditionally, Logic has corrected or avoided it, fuzzy Logic compromises with vagueness; it is not just a Logic of vagueness, it is from what http://www.wsc.ma.edu/math/faculty/fleron/quotes/viewquote.asp?letter=h

30. Abstracts fuzzy Logic is a contender as a Logic of vagueness. I will focus specifically on Gödel Logics, since they, I think, are the best http://www.logic.at/cos04/program/abstract.htm

Home Page Top Home Aim ... Proceedings Didier Dubois - "Some remarks on truth-values and degrees of belief" Abstract: There has been a long-lasting misunderstanding in the literature of artificial intelligence and uncertainty modeling, regarding the role of many-valued logics (and fuzzy logic). The recurring question is that of the mathematical and pragmatic meaningfulness of a compositional calculus and the validity of the excluded middle law. This confusion even pervades the early developments of probabilistic logic, despite early warnings of some philosophers of probability. This talk discusses some aspects of this misunderstanding. It suggests that the root of the controversies lies in the unfortunate confusion between degrees of belief and what logicians call "degrees of truth". The latter are usually compositional, while the former cannot be so. It is recalled that any belief representation where compositionality is taken for granted is bound to at worst collapse to a Boolean truth assignment and at best lead to a poorly expressive tool. We display the non-compositional belief representation embedded in the standard propositional calculus. It turns out to be an all-or-nothing version of possibility theory. This framework is then

31. Intermediate Logic Monday 11.15, Lecture 15 – Supervaluationism vs. epistemicism; Seminars – Fine, ‘vagueness, Truth, and Logic’; Williamson, ‘vagueness and Ignorance’ http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~twcs1/Int Logic/index.htm

University of York Philosophy Department Current Students Prospective Students ... News Intermediate Logic Autumn Term 2006 The Intermediate Logic module divides into two parts which are taught and assessed separately: Classical Logic and Non-classical Logics. Mastering Classical Logic is a necessary condition for understanding and evaluating non-classical logics. The teaching for this part consists of 9 lectures and 4 seminars. Procedural work consists in doing exercises for the seminars. Each week I will specify some exercises which you must complete (see below). However, you should aim to do all the exercises in the book in preparation for the exam. Assessment is by a 1 hour closed examination in Week 1, Spring 2007. This examination counts 1/3rd towards the module mark. YOU MUST OWN YOUR OWN COPY OF LOGIC PRIMER by Colin Allen and Michael Hand by the FRIDAY OF WEEK 2. Otherwise you will not be able to follow this module. This book comes with a very useful online resource at: http://logic.tamu.edu/ . This includes a quiz for testing your knowledge and tools to check proofs. You woudl be very unwise not to take full advantage of this during the Christmas vacation. All logic textbook contain some errors. The errata for this book are listed at

32. Book The Many Valued Non-monotonic Turn In Logic (handbook Of The History Of Log Logic of vagueness. Chapter 6. Fuzzy Logic. Chapter 7. Nonmonotonic Logic. Chapter 8. Default Logic. Chapter 9. Non-monotonic Reasoning and Belief Change. http://www.lavoisier.fr/notice/gb419030.html

Search on All Book CD-Rom eBook Software The french leading professional bookseller Description Author(s) : GABBAY Publication date : 07-2007 Language : ENGLISH 24x16.5 Hardback Status : In Print (Delivery time : 10 days) Readership The Handbook is aimed at researchers and historians in all areas of logic, including theorists, theorists of legal reasoning and cognitive psychologists. Description Summary Chapter 1. Many-valued Logic. Chapter 2. Paraconsistent Logic: Preservationist Variations. Chapter 3. Paraconsistent Logic: Dialethic Variations. Chapter 4. Quantum Logic. Chapter 5. Logic of Vagueness. Chapter 6. Fuzzy Logic. Chapter 7. Non-monotonic Logic. Chapter 8. Default Logic. Chapter 9. Non-monotonic Reasoning and Belief Change. Chapter 10. Free Logic. Index. Subject areas covered: Mathematics and physics Algebra analysis geometry General titles Information technology Algorithms, logic Fuzzy logic New search Your basket Information New titles BiblioAlerts E-books Customer services Open an account Ordering non-listed items Order tracking Help Lavoisier.fr Back to the home page Company information Terms and conditions Partner's sites ... basket Special Offer www.Lavoisier.fr

33. 03Bxx 03B05 Classical propositional Logic; 03B10 Classical firstorder Logic 03B50 Many-valued Logic; 03B52 Fuzzy Logic; Logic of vagueness See also 68T27, http://www.ams.org/msc/03Bxx.html

Home MathSciNet Journals Books ... Contact Us 201 Charles Street Providence, RI 02904 USA Phone: 401-455-4000 or 800-321-4AMS Or email us at ams@ams.org Open Positions General logic 03B05 Classical propositional logic 03B10 Classical first-order logic 03B15 Higher-order logic and type theory 03B20 Subsystems of classical logic (including intuitionistic logic) 03B22 Abstract deductive systems 03B25 Decidability of theories and sets of sentences [See also 03B30 Foundations of classical theories (including reverse mathematics) [See also 03B35 Mechanization of proofs and logical operations [See also 03B40 Combinatory logic and lambda-calculus [See also 03B42 Logic of knowledge and belief 03B44 Temporal logic ; for temporal logic see ; for provability logic see also 03B48 Probability and inductive logic [See also 03B50 Many-valued logic 03B52 Fuzzy logic; logic of vagueness [See also 03B53 Logics admitting inconsistency (paraconsistent logics, discussive logics, etc.) 03B55 Intermediate logics 03B60 Other nonclassical logic 03B65 Logic of natural languages [See also 03B70 Logic in computer science [See also 68-xx 03B80 Other applications of logic 03B99 None of the above, but in this section

34. BSc Philosophy, Logic And Scientific Method - Philosophy, Logic And Scientific M The second course, Logic, introduces the basic system of modern formal Logic, Probability and Decision Theory; Deontic Logic the Logic of vagueness. http://www.lse.ac.uk/resources/undergraduateProspectus2008/courses/Philosophy_Lo

Home Programmes and courses Undergraduate Prospectus Subjects and courses ... Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method BSc Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method Graduate Destinations A-Z site index Search Quick links New and current students Staff All departments Research centres and groups ... Help BSc Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method First year: Second year: Third year: Further Information ... Philosophy Option List UCAS code: V503 BSc/Phil www.lse.ac.uk/collections/philosophyLogicAndScientificMethod HEFCE/QAA Teaching Assessment: Approved 22 out of 24 points (January 2001) Course requirement: GCSE pass at grade B or better in Mathematics is expected Usual standard offer: A level: grades A A B International Baccalaureate: Diploma with 37 points including 6 6 6 at Higher level Other qualifications are considered Applications 2006: First year students 2006: First year: Reason, Knowledge and Values: An Introduction to Philosophy Logic Two approved papers taught outside the department Second year: Philosophy of Science or Philosophy of the Social Sciences or Evidence and Scientific Method Up to three papers on the Philosophy option list An approved outside option Third year: Up to four papers from the Philosophy option list An approved outside option Further Information First year In your first year, you take two compulsory core courses. The first of these, Reason, Knowledge and Values, gives a critical introduction to some of the central problems of modern philosophy, especially those concerning our knowledge of the natural and social worlds. The second course, Logic, introduces the basic system of modern formal logic, including propositional logic, predicate logic and the theory of identity. You also select two further courses from the range of options offered by other departments.

35. Mathematical Fuzzy Logic - Mathfuzzlog Mathematical Fuzzy Logic deals with degrees of truth. vagueness pervades human language, perception, and reasoning since the beginning of their existence, http://www.cs.cas.cz/mathfuzzlog/index.php/Mathematical_Fuzzy_Logic

Mathematical Fuzzy Logic From Mathfuzzlog Jump to: navigation search Mathematical Fuzzy Logic deals with degrees of truth Vagueness pervades human language, perception, and reasoning since the beginning of their existence, as many natural-language predicates (e.g. "young", "tall", "hot") have no sharp boundaries. A popular approach to this phenomenon (although usually disregarded by philosophers of vagueness ) is to stipulate that truth comes in degrees (which can be taken realistically or, at least, as a good "model" of vagueness). Even though many-valued logics were introduced for other purposes already during the first half of the twentieth century by Lukasiewicz , a systematic treatment of vagueness by means of the many-valued approach began only after Zadeh `s paper proposed the fuzzy sets paradigm in 1965. Mathematical Fuzzy Logic is a subdiscipline of Mathematical Logic This sharply separates it from the usual use of the term fuzzy logic , which is more a fancy label used for anything even very distantly related to some degrees and usually not related to anything which could be called ( mathematical logic . In fact the term fuzzy logic is often used for dealing not with degrees of truth but with degrees of any other quality or modality (possibility, entropy, necessity, or even probability). Thus, for a long time

36. Project MUSE 6 William James, reacting to a certain extent against Peirce s declaration that he had worked out the Logic of vagueness with something like completeness, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/philosophy_and_literature/v031/31.2quigley.html

How Do I Get This Article? Athens Login Access Restricted This article is available through Project MUSE, an electronic journals collection made available to subscribing libraries NOTE: Please do NOT contact Project MUSE for a login and password. See How Do I Get This Article? for more information. If you have password access to this journal, please login below. (Help with Login) Login: Password: Quigley, Megan M. Vengeful Vagueness in Charles Sanders Peirce and Henry James Philosophy and Literature - Volume 31, Number 2, October 2007, pp. 362-377 The Johns Hopkins University Press Search Journals About MUSE

37. Department Of Philosophy:Course Descriptions, Spring 2002 Using the Sorites Paradox as a test case, we will critically examine the major approaches to the semantics and Logic of vagueness, http://www.phil.upenn.edu/courses/spring2002/spring_2002_cd.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY COURSE DESCRIPTIONS SPRING 2002 PHIL 001-001 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY Professor Steven Gross, Registration Required for Lecture and Recitation RECITATIONS: PHIL Friday 10:00-11:00 Staff PHIL 001-202 Friday 12:00-1:00 Staff An introductory examination of four important philosophical topics: free will and determinism, arguments for and against the existence of God, scepticism and the nature of scientific reasoning, and moral relativism. PHIL 001-301 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY (FRESHMAN SEMINAR) Dr. Curtis Bowman, Enrollment Restricted to Freshmen In this course we will investigate the topic of philosophical anthropology, i.e., the philosophical study of what it is to be human, as a means of introducing students to philosophy in general. We will do this by looking at several traditional themes: ethics, freedom, and death. Since these issues concern everyone, we can begin to develop a philosophical view of what it is to be human by studying them in some detail. PHIL 001-302 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY (FRESHMAN SEMINAR) Dr. Thomas Meyer

38. André De Tienne: "Peirce's Logic Of Information" Principal Themes in Peirce s Logic of vagueness . In Studies in Peirce s Semiotics. Lubbock, Texas Institute for Studies in Pragmaticism, Peirce Studies, http://www.unav.es/gep/SeminariodeTienne.html

Seminario del Grupo de Estudios Peirceanos Universidad de Navarra, 28 de septiembre del 2006 Peirce's Logic of Information Abstract: 1. Background Discussion This new theory, which quantitatively equated information with uncertainty by turning the former into a function that increases as uncertainty decreases, quickly became a fertile paradigm that opened the door to statistical analysis of information and began generating countless technical devices (emitters, receptors) capable of channeling infor-mation signals with ever-increasing efficiency. One stripe of information theory then be-came the theory of how best to break down, encode, transmit "noiselessly", and preserve such signals so that the probability of their corruption at decoding time be minimized—thus a theory enabling engineers to meet the challenge of how to reduce signs (and how to miniaturize their channeling devices) to their smallest possible size without losing es-sential signifying or messaging power Wherever a circularity manifests its curve, reflective attention perks up, for there is a difficulty worth thinking about

39. AUTHOR INDEX On the decidability of a system of dialectical propositional Logic, 179184 7/4 A semantical study of some systems of vagueness Logic, 139-144 8/3 http://www.filozof.uni.lodz.pl/bulletin/a.html

BULLETIN OF THE SECTION OF LOGIC Author Index To find any word: author, title or key word; please, press "Ctrl-F". A ABAR, Celina A.A.P., and Mineko Yamashita Remarks on variable binding term operators ABE, Jair Minoro A note on Curry algebras ADILLON, Roma J., and Ventura Verdu A Gentzen system equivalent to the BCK-logic On a Substructural Gentzen System, its Equivalent Variety Semantics and its External Deductive System AHMED, Tarek Sayed A Confirmation of a Conjecture of Tarski Omitting Types for Finite Variable Fragments of First Order Logic A Sufficient and Necessary Condition for Omitting Types An Independence Result in Algebraic Logic Algebras of Sentences A Non-finitizability Result in Algebraic Logic Neat Embedding is not Sufficient for Complete Representability AHMED Tarek Sayed and Basim Samir Neat Embeddings and Amalgamation ALVES, Elias H. On the decidability of a system of dialectical propositional logic The first axiomatization of a paraconsistent logic ALVES, Elias H., and Jose E. de Almeida Moura On some higher-order predicate calculi AMARAL, Fernando Naufel do, and Eward Hermann Haeusler

40. 03Bxx 03B05 Classical propositional Logic 03B10 Classical firstorder Logic 03B15 Many-valued Logic 03B52 Fuzzy Logic; Logic of vagueness See also 68T27, http://www.emis.de/MSC2000/03Bxx.html

General logic 03B05 Classical propositional logic 03B10 Classical first-order logic 03B15 Higher-order logic and type theory 03B20 Subsystems of classical logic (including intuitionistic logic) 03B22 Abstract deductive systems 03B25 Decidability of theories and sets of sentences [See also ] 03B30 Foundations of classical theories (including reverse mathematics) [See also ] 03B35 Mechanization of proofs and logical operations [See also ] 03B40 Combinatory logic and lambda-calculus [See also ; for temporal logic see ; for provability logic see also ] 03B50 Many-valued logic 03B52 Fuzzy logic; logic of vagueness [See also ] 03B53 Logics admitting inconsistency (paraconsistent logics, discussive logics, etc.) 03B55 Intermediate logics 03B60 Other nonclassical logic 03B65 Logic of natural languages [See also ] 03B70 Logic in computer science [See also 68-XX ] 03B80 Other applications of logic 03B99 None of the above, but in this section Version of December 15, 1998

41. Dichotomistic Logic - All About Vagueness, Ontic, Quantum, Fuzzy And Otherwise Causality demands some sort of beginning. For anything to happen, something must have been there to get things going in the first place. vagueness is an http://www.dichotomistic.com/logic_vagueness_1.html

home logic mind matter ... dichotomistic logic home logic vagueness dichotomies ... some history science mind matter readings about vagueness Causality demands some sort of beginning. For anything to happen, something must have been there to get things going in the first place. This seems a perfectly reasonable view to take. It only becomes a problem when we ask the big questions about what came before there was anything? Before the Universe was created there was what? There are three usual answers on this. The first is that whatever exists must have originally sprung out of nothing. In the beginning was a void. The second standard answer is that if springing into being of out nothing makes no sense, then whatever exists must be eternal. So while other kinds of things may appear to have beginnings and endings, reality itself for some reason enjoys an infinite and uncreated existence. A few modern cosmological tales, like the spawning multiverse or cyclic big bangs and big crunches have this kind of logic. Though at the end of the day, there still seems to be a valid question about where the whole ring of creating gods sprang from? Or the eternally collapsing and exploding universe. Circularity solves nothing. It reduces back to same old binary choice between a creation from nothing and no creation that appear to exhaust all logical possibility. These two choices are the asymmetric dichotomy, the mutually exclusive extremes. What else could we say? Either there was a clean jump into being that had no cause. Or there was no jump and just an eternal existence of everything.

42. PCID - Random Predicate Logic I: A Probabilistic Approach To Vagueness Random Predicate Logic I A Probabilistic Approach to vagueness. by William A. Dembski. Abstract—This is an old paper, written twelve years ago, http://www.iscid.org/pcid/2002/1/2-3/dembski_predicate.php

All content Random Predicate Logic I: A Probabilistic Approach to Vagueness by William A. Dembski Abstract The full paper is available below: Random Predicate Logic I: A Probabilistic Approach to Vagueness Back to PCID Volumes 1.2 and 1.3

43. Knowledge Economy - Petr Kolar Field(s) of specialization Logic philosophical Logic, nonclassical Logics (intensional Logic, Logic of vagueness, deontic Logic), philosophy of Logic. http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/EXTECAREGTOPKNOECO/0,,

var templatePathPrefix = "http://siteresources.worldbank.org/"; Home Site Map Index FAQs ... Topics Search Knowledge Economy All Home Countries Europe and Central Asia Knowledge Economy ... Agenda Petr Kolar Cambridge Forum Prague Forum Overview Agenda ... The Four Pillars of Knowledge Economy Resources for Procurement Tender E-Subscriptions Contacts Petr Kolar  Petr Kolar Deputy Minister of Education for Science and Higher Education Education: 1. Prague Technical University, Faculty of Nuclear Physics (1981-1982); main: nuclear physics. 2. Palacky University, Olomouc (Czechoslovakia), Faculty of Sciences (1982-1987). Main: computer science. MSc. (‘RNDr.’ in Czech) in computer science, 1987. 3. The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic: Ph.D. (‘CSc.’ in Czech) in philosophy and logic, 1993. Thesis: Vagueness and Many-valued Logics, original in English. 4. Charles University, Prague: Docent (equiv. to associate professor) in logic, 1998. Thesis: An Essay on Facts and Truth. Present position(s): 1. Deputy Minister of Education for Science and Higher Education (since February 2003). 2. Senior researcher, Institute of Philosophy, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (since February 2000).

44. Ejap 6:10: Prinz, "Vagueness, Language, And Ontology" The rejection of Leibniz s Law is not an ad hoc move if it is a consequence of an independently motivated Logic of vagueness. http://ejap.louisiana.edu/EJAP/1998/prinz98.html

Vagueness, Language, and Ontology Jesse Prinz [1] We all know that language is vague. The majority of our terms admit borderline cases. We are notoriously unable to resolve the precise number grains required for a portion of sand to fall under the predicate "heap". It might be supposed that blurry boundaries are, at bottom, an ontological phenomenon. Perhaps the indeterminacy of our predicates is inherited from the indeterminacy of the properties they denote. Perhaps objects can also by vague, rendering singularly terms, including proper names, uncomfortably imprecise. This thesis has been dismissed, challenged, and championed by various philosophers over the course of the century. Undoubtedly the most widely discussed objection to vague ontology comes in the form of a one-page argument devised by Gareth Evans (1978). Although other arguments against vague objects have been proposed, Evans' argument has occupied center stage, clarifying and provoking debate. Its impact reconfirms the value of Evans' philosophical legacy. [2] I will review Evans' argument, along with some response strategies. In the end, I will endorse vague objects, siding with Evans' detractors. However, I will also raise questions about the relevance of this position for semantics. Even if the world is vague, that vagueness may not be responsible for much of the imprecision we encounter in language. If we are interested in discovering the primary source of linguistic vagueness, we should follow Evans in looking toward language itself. We have much to gain from investigating the nature of reference in all of its varieties.

45. 03Bxx 03B52, Fuzzy Logic; Logic of vagueness See also 68T27, 68T37, 94D05. 03B53, Logics admitting inconsistency (paraconsistent Logics, discussive Logics, etc. http://www.impan.gov.pl/LIB/MSC/03Bxx.html

General logic Classical propositional logic Classical first-order logic Higher-order logic and type theory Subsystems of classical logic (including intuitionistic logic) Abstract deductive systems Decidability of theories and sets of sentences [See also Foundations of classical theories (including reverse mathematics) [See also Mechanization of proofs and logical operations [See also Combinatory logic and lambda-calculus [See also Logic of knowledge and belief Temporal logic Modal logic ; for temporal logic see ; for provability logic see also Substructural logics (including relevance, entailment, linear logic, Lambek calculus, BCK and BCI logics) Probability and inductive logic [See also Many-valued logic Fuzzy logic; logic of vagueness [See also Logics admitting inconsistency (paraconsistent logics, discussive logics, etc.) Intermediate logics Other nonclassical logic Logic of natural languages [See also Logic in computer science [See also 68-XX Other applications of logic None of the above, but in this section

46. TRANSVALUATIONISM: A DIONYSIAN APPROACH TO VAGUENESS We want a Logic of vagueness under which it is possible to reject premise (1) without becoming committed to sharp semantic transitions in the sequence of http://dingo.sbs.arizona.edu/~thorgan/papers/Transvaluationism.htm

TRANSVALUATIONISM: A DIONYSIAN APPROACH TO VAGUENESS Terry Horgan, University of Memphis I advocate a two-part view concerning vagueness. On one hand I claim that vagueness is logically incoherent; but on the other hand I claim that vagueness is also a benign, beneficial, and indeed essential feature of human language and thought. I will call this view transvaluationism , a name which seems to me appropriate for several reasons. First, the term suggests that we should move beyond the idea that the successive statements in a sorites sequence can be assigned differing truth values in some logically coherent way that fully respects the nature of vaguenessa way that fully eschews any arbitrarily precise semantic transitions. We should transcend this impossible goal by accepting that vagueness harbors logical incoherence. Second, just as Nietzsche held that one can overcome nihilism by embracing what he called the transvaluation of all values, my position affirms vagueness, rather than despairing in the face of the logical absurdity residing at its very core. This affirmation amounts to a transvaluation of truth values, as far as sorites sequences are concerned.

47. Yale > Philosophy > Graduate Program A discussion of the Liar paradox and other linguistic phenomena (with the exception of vagueness) that challenge the basic assumption of classical Logic http://www.yale.edu/philos/grad3.html

© 2006 Yale University, New Haven Connecticut Letter to Prospective Applicants Program Description Graduate Courses Current Students Placement Record Graduate Courses 2007-2008 567a, Mathematical Logic I. Sun-Joo Shin T, Th, 11:35 – 12:50 An introduction to the metatheory of first-order logic, up to and including the completeness theorem for the first-order calculus. An introduction to the basic concepts of set theory is included. 600b, Frege. Susanne Bobzien F, 1:30 – 3:20 Reading and evaluation of selected articles by Gottlob Frege, ‘On sense and reference’, ‘Function and Concept’, ‘Thought’ and ‘Negation’. Focus on Frege’s contributions and relevance to modern philosophical logic (as opposed to his contributions to the philosophy of mathematics). 601a, The Philosophy of Spinoza. Michael Della Rocca W, 1:30 – 3:20 An in-depth study of Spinoza’s major work, the Ethics , with some attention to his earlier writings where helpful.

48. Philosophy Department :: Duke University This project also connects with his work on the Logic of vagueness, such as Borderline Logic, American Philosophical Quarterly (1975) and most recently in http://fds.duke.edu/db/aas/Philosophy/faculty/dhs

@import url(/style/style.css); /*IE and NN6x styles*/ Duke Philosophy Faculty David H Sanford, Professor Contact Info: Office Location: 201D West Duke Bldg Office Phone: Email Address: Specialties: Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Research Interests: Current projects: Philosophy of perception, Perceptual attention David H. Sanford (Ph.D. Cornell, 1966) joined the Duke Faculty in 1970 after teaching at Dartmouth College (1963-70). He has held visiting appointments at Dalhousie, the University of Michigan, and the University of Oregon. The following connections with three recent publications help organize some of the many topics of his publications. The second edition of his book If P, Then Q: Conditionals and the Foundations of Reasoning (Routledge, 2003; first edition, 1989; paperback edition, 1992) draws on earlier work, such as "The Direction of Causation and the Direction of Conditionship," The Journal of Philosophy (1976) and "Can There be One-Way Causal Conditionship?" Synthese (1988). His later works on causation include "Causation and Intelligibility"

49. Philosophy Of Logic - Vagueness Thus the Logic of vagueness is a Logic for equivocators Merricks, Trenton (2001) Varieties of vagueness, Philosophy and PhenomenoLogical Research vol http://www.society-dir.com/philosophy/philosophy_of_logic/vagueness/p__1483.html

www.society-dir.com - Vagueness Home Philosophy Philosophy of Logic Add site Results to from found in " Vagueness People with online papers in philosophy People with online papers in philosophy. Compiled by David Chalmers. This is a list of individuals who have made available online papers in philosophy and related areas. This practice is very much to consc.net Vagueness at most three days old . . . Thus the logic of vagueness is a logic for equivocators Merricks, Trenton (2001) Varieties of Vagueness, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research vol plato.stanford.edu Logic, philosophy of : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online Logic, philosophy of. Philosophy of logic can be roughly characterized as conditionals, Modal operators, Quantifiers and Vagueness. Again, to give some of the flavour of this kind of www.rep.routledge.com Department of Philosophy at New York University. philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of logic, and philosophy of science in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. Vagueness, Partial Belief and philosophy.fas.nyu.edu

50. Fuzzy Logic And the first western Logic of vagueness was developed in 1920 by Polish philosopher Jan Lukasiewicz. He created sets with possible membership values of 0, http://www.kurdishscientist.com/FuzzyLogic.htm

Kurdish Scientist Searching for the Absolute Fact never ends Kurdish Scientist is sponsored by Support Committee for Higher Education in Iraqi Kurdistan, SCHEIK December 2007 OVER VIEW OF FUZZY LOGIC INTRODUCTION The concept of Fuzzy logic is not new. Fuzzy logic theory was introduced by Lofti A. Zadeh in the mid 1960s.Fuzzy logic is method used to solve the complex problems with maximum accuracy possible (examples digital camera stabilizer, Lift control systems etc). Fuzzy logic as opposed to binary (which has only two values) contains the values between and 1. Fuzzy logic can handle rough and inexact data (Clarify by Giving an Example). Classical (binary) logic uses the concept which is based on the logic that things can be expressed in binary terms 0s or 1s; in terms of Boolean algebra. Classical logic theory says that a thing belongs to only one set and can not be a member of another set, which means that a thing can have a value of either or 1 but can’t be in between. When we say that fuzzy logic can handle inexact data, in this case this concept goes against the conventional (binary) logic theory. Fuzzy logic concept is based on more than two values which means that fuzzy logic can also handle data in between and 1. Fuzzy logic concept challenges the concept of classical logic. Unlike classical logic, Fuzzy logic allows partial membership in a set which means that an element can be a member of both sets.), values between and 1.

51. Vagueness I come therefore to the words of pure Logic, words such as or and not . Are these words also vague or have they a precise meaning? http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/Russell/vagueness/

Vagueness Bertrand Russell Reflection on philosophical problems has convinced me that a much larger number than I used to think, or than is generally thought, are connected with the principles of symbolism, that is to say, with the relation between what means and what is meant. In dealing with highly abstract matters it is much easier to grasp the symbols (usually words) than it is to grasp what they stand for. The result of this is that almost all thinking that purports to be philosophical or logical consists in attributing to the world the properties of language. Since language really occurs, it obviously has all the properties common to all occurrences, and to that extent the metaphysic based upon linguistic considerations may not be erroneous. But language has many properties which are not shared by things in general, and when these properties intrude into our metaphysic it becomes altogether misleading. I do not think that the study of the principles of symbolism will yield any positive results in metaphysics, but I do think it will yield a great many negative results by enabling us to avoid fallacious inferences from symbols to things. The influence of symbolism on philosophy is mainly unconscious; if it were conscious it would do less harm. By studying the principles of symbolism we can learn not to be unconsciously influenced by language, and in this way can escape a host of erroneous notions.

52. Society > Philosophy > Philosophy Of Logic > Vagueness Argues that vagueness and demonstratives are connected, by means of constructing artificial languages in which the relationships are manufactured. http://www.xasa.com/directorio/mozilla/Top/Society/Philosophy/Philosophy_of_Logi

Results for Vagueness Open directory project Top Society Philosophy Philosophy of Logic Search in: Directory Web the entire directory only in Philosophy of Logic/Vagueness See also: Web pages: Vagueness Article in the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, by Roy Sorensen. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/vagueness/ Russell on Vagueness Online text of Russell's 1923 article. http://www.santafe.edu/~shalizi/Russell/vagueness/ Vagueness, Semantics, and the Language of Thought Article by Richard DeWitt. http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v1/psyche-1-01-dewitt.html How to Make Our Ideas Clear 1878 article Charles Pierce. http://www.peirce.org/writings/p119.html Vague Concepts and Sorites Paradoxes Article by Vlad Vieru. http://www.ici.ro/ici/revista/sic98_3/art09.html Vagueness and Identity Article by Loretta Torrago presented at the 20th World Congress of Philosophy. Makes the surprising argument that vagueness in identity statements is incompatible with vagueness of constitution. http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Meta/MetaTorr.htm Where Demonstratives Meet Vagueness: Possible Languages Article by Adam Morton, which appeared in Proc. Aristotelian Society. Argues that vagueness and demonstratives are connected, by means of constructing artificial languages in which the relationships are manufactured. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/02/37/cog00000237-00/199801002.html

53. Sorites Paradox@Everything2.com The sorites paradox is just one of a class of paradoxical arguments that raise difficult questions about Logic, language, and most importantly, vagueness. http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1109889

54. Fuzzy Logic The human brain can reason with uncertainties, vagueness, and judgments. Computers can only manipulate precise valuations. Fuzzy Logic is an attempt to http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/fuzzy.html

Fuzzy Logic (a subtopic of Reasoning THE TOPICS AI in the news AI Overview Agents Applications Cognitive Science Education Ethical/Social Expert Systems FAQs History Interfaces Machine Learning Natural Language Philosophy Reasoning Reference Shelf Representation Resources Robots Science Fiction Speech Turing Test Vision What's Left? QUICK START tips AI Overview A - Z Index AAAI Video Archive AI in the news Doing a Report for School Site Map Reference Shelf How to use this site Search Engine DIRECTORY How to use this site A - Z Index Site Map Reference Shelf Search Engine Contact AI Topics Notices Disclosures AI Topics Home AAAI Home AAAI Video Archive XML/RSS news feed Good Places to Start Readings Online Related Web Sites Related Pages ... More Readings see FAQ Recent News about THE TOPICS (annotated) AI Topics home AAAI home ... engine "Fuzzy Logic is basically a multivalued logic that allows intermediate values to be defined between conventional evaluations like yes/no, true/false, black/white, etc. Notions like rather warm or pretty cold can be formulated mathematically and processed by computers." Bauer et al.

55. CSISS Classics - Lotfi Zadeh: Fuzzy Logic-Incoporating Real-World Vagueness Fuzzy Logic was first invented as a representation scheme and calculus for uncertain or vague notions. It is basically a multivalued Logic that allows more http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/68

Lotfi Zadeh: Fuzzy logic-Incoporating Real-World Vagueness By Pragya Agarwal Back to Classics Background Fuzzy logic was first invented as a representation scheme and calculus for uncertain or vague notions. It is basically a multi-valued logic that allows more human-like interpretation and reasoning in machines by resolving intermediate categories between notations such as true/false, hot/cold etc used in Boolean logic. This was seen as an extension of the conventional Boolean Logic that was extended to handle the concept of partial truth or partial false rather than the absolute values and categories in Boolean logic. Philosophers such as Plato had posited the laws of thought and one of these thoughts was the Law of Excluded Middle . Parminedes proposed the first version of this rule around 400 B.C. and stated amidst controversy that statements could be both true and not true at the same time. The Greek Philosopher Plato laid the foundations for the fuzzy logic by proposing a third region between true and false where the two notions tumbled together. In the early 1900s, Lukasiewicz extended on to the conventional bi-valued logic of Aristotle and proposed a tri-valued logic in his paper in 1920 titled On three-valued logic The fuzzy set theory was introduced by Professor Lotfi Zadeh in 1965 and can be seen as an infinite- valued logic. Lotfi Zadeh is currently serving as a director of BISC (Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing). Prior to 1965 Zadeh's work had been centered on system theory and decision analysis. Since then, his research interests have shifted to the theory of fuzzy sets and its applications to artificial intelligence, linguistics, logic, decision analysis, control theory, expert systems and neural networks. Currently, his research is focused on fuzzy logic, soft computing, computing with words, and the newly developed computational theory of perceptions and natural language.

56. Ken Akiba Bibliography Hyde (1997) introduced subvaluationism, a Logical system for vague words that employs paraconsistent Logic, and maintained that subvaluationism is http://sun3.lib.uci.edu/~scctr/philosophy/akiba.html

UCI Department of Philosophy UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE DEPARTMENT OF LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE COLLOQUIUM "Vagueness in the World" Abstract : I shall present and defend the worldly (objectual, or ontic) view of vagueness and indeterminacy the view that there is vagueness in the world, in objects and properties themselves, not just in language. A version of the worldly view, the modal view, is set forth. According to this view, just as objects extend over metaphysical and temporal possible worlds, they extend over worlds of another kind, precisified worlds. A vague object is conceived as an object that coincides with different precise objects in different precisified worlds. I shall refute Evans's argument against vague objects, and solve "The problem of the many" (or "the paradox of 1001 cats") from the modal point of view. Appropriate semantics for vague language will also be considered. Ken Akiba Department of Philosophy University of Missouri Friday, October 26, 2001 3:00 p.m.

57. "He Is Our Peace":Letter To The Ephesians And The Theology Of Fulfilment Cf. the continuation of this passage “By the Logic of pragmatism, a vague sign ‘reserves for some other sign or experience the function of completing its http://etext.virginia.edu/journals/ssr/issues/volume1/number1/ssr01-01-a01.html

Number 1.1 August 2001 David F. Ford Cambridge University This paper is an engagement with an old text and a new text for a specific context. The old text is the Letter to the Ephesians, which has fascinated me for years. The new text is Peirce, Pragmatism and the Logic of Scripture by Peter Ochs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998). The context is the Society for Scriptural Reasoning, which is one of the readerships Ochs had in mind when writing his book. I am not competent to judge Ochs' reading of Peirce, but his book is also about the logic of scripture. It therefore invites a review in the form of testing its capacity to help in interpreting a scriptural text, and that particularly suits the SSR. This is very much an initial exploration of Ochs' none-too-easy book, and it is a relief to know that Ochs himself might well be at our meeting to correct what I write here. As it is too early to have weighed (or even to have understood adequately) much of what Ochs says, my aim is to try to enter a little into the significance of his book by using it to redescribe and interpret theologically a more familiar text, in this case the Letter to the Ephesians. 1. Introducing Ochs

58. PlanetMath: Fuzzy Logic Gottwald, S., Mathematical fuzzy Logic as a tool for the treatment of vague information, Information Sciences, vol. 172, 2005, pp. 4171. http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/MultiValuedLogic.html

(more info) Math for the people, by the people. Encyclopedia Requests Forums Docs ... RSS Login create new user name: pass: forget your password? Main Menu sections Encyclop¦dia Papers Books Expositions meta Requests Orphanage Unclass'd Unproven ... Classification talkback Polls Forums Feedback Bug Reports downloads Snapshots PM Book information News Docs Wiki ChangeLog ... About fuzzy logic (Topic) Fuzzy logic (in narrow sense) is a new chapter of multi-valued logic which originates from the notion of fuzzy subset in accordance with the ideas of L. A. Zadeh. From a semantical point of view, fuzzy logic is not different in nature from first-order multi-valued logic. Instead, if we consider the deduction apparatus, fuzzy logic is totally different. In fact it is based on the notion of approximate reasoning as suggested by Zadeh, Goguen, Pavelka and other authors. This means that if denotes the set of formulas of the considered first order language , the available information (system of proper axioms ) is represented by a fuzzy subet of formulas. Then, the deduction apparatus enables us to define the fuzzy subset