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1. Intermediate Logic The Intermediate Logic module divides into two parts which are taught and assessed separately Classical Logic and Nonclassical logics. http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~twcs1/Int Logic/index.htm

University of York Philosophy Department Current Students Prospective Students ... News Intermediate Logic Autumn Term 2006 The Intermediate Logic module divides into two parts which are taught and assessed separately: Classical Logic and Non-classical Logics. Mastering Classical Logic is a necessary condition for understanding and evaluating non-classical logics. The teaching for this part consists of 9 lectures and 4 seminars. Procedural work consists in doing exercises for the seminars. Each week I will specify some exercises which you must complete (see below). However, you should aim to do all the exercises in the book in preparation for the exam. Assessment is by a 1 hour closed examination in Week 1, Spring 2007. This examination counts 1/3rd towards the module mark. YOU MUST OWN YOUR OWN COPY OF LOGIC PRIMER by Colin Allen and Michael Hand by the FRIDAY OF WEEK 2. Otherwise you will not be able to follow this module. This book comes with a very useful online resource at: http://logic.tamu.edu/ . This includes a quiz for testing your knowledge and tools to check proofs. You woudl be very unwise not to take full advantage of this during the Christmas vacation. All logic textbook contain some errors. The errata for this book are listed at

2. On The Independent Axiomatizability Of Modal And Intermediate Logics -- CHAGROV This paper gives a solution to the old independent axiomatizability problem by presenting normal modal logics above K4 and Grz and an Intermediate logic http://logcom.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/5/3/287

@import "/resource/css/hw.css"; @import "/resource/css/logcom.css"; Skip Navigation Oxford Journals Contact Us My Basket ... Volume 5, Number 3 Pp. 287-302 Journal of Logic and Computation 1995 5(3):287-302; doi:10.1093/logcom/5.3.287 Oxford University Press This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My Personal Archive ... Request Permissions Google Scholar Articles by CHAGROV, A. Articles by ZAKHARYASCHEV, M. Search for Related Content Original Articles On the Independent Axiomatizability of Modal and Intermediate Logics ALEXANDER CHAGROV and MICHAEL ZAKHARYASCHEV Tver State University Zhelyabova Str.33, Tver 170013, Russia. Institute of Applied Mathematics Miusskaya Sq.4, Moscow 125047, Russia This paper gives a solution to the old independent axiomatizability problem by presenting normal modal logics above K4 and Grz and an intermediate logic without independent axiomatizations. Incidentally

3. JSTOR On Intermediate Logics. Intermediate propositional logics are logics M such that L c M c LPx. Below we shall use logic for Intermediate propositional logic. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4812(197106)36:2<329:OIL>2.0.CO;2-K

4. A Study Of Intermediate Predicate Logics 12 Umezawa, T., On logics Intermediate between intuitionistic and classical 13 Gabbay, D. M., Applications of trees to Intermediate logics, http://projecteuclid.org/handle/euclid.prims/1195192964

Log in RSS Title Author(s) Abstract Subject Keyword All Fields FullText more options Home Browse Search ... next A study of intermediate predicate logics Hiroakira Ono Source: Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. Volume 8, Number 3 (1972), 619-649. Primary Subjects: Full-text: Access granted (open access) PDF File (2116 KB) Links and Identifiers Permanent link to this document: http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.prims/1195192964 Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet): Zentralblatt Math identifier: back to Table of Contents References [1] Church, A., Introduction to mathematical logic I, Princeton, N. J., 1956. Zentralblatt MATH: [2] Hosoi, T., On intermediate logics I,J. Fac. ScL, Univ. Tokyo, Sec.7, 14 (1967), 293-312. Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): Zentralblatt MATH: [3] Hosoi, T. and H. Ono, Intermediate prepositional logics (A survey), J. of Tsuda College, 5 (1973). Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet): [4] Jankov, V. A., Constructing a sequence of strongly independent superintuitionistic propositional calculi, Soviet Math. Dokl, 9 (1968), 806-807.

5. CJO - Abstract - Characterization Of Strongly Equivalent Logic Programs In Inter Characterization of strongly equivalent logic programs in Intermediate logics. DICK HJ DE JONGH, LEX HENDRIKS Theory and Practice of Logic Programming http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S147106840200159X

@import url("/css/users_abstract.css"); close Cambridge Journals Online Skip to content Volume 3 Issue 03 - May 2003 Cited by Articles (CrossRef) ... Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (2003), 3: 259-270 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S147106840200159X Published online by Cambridge University Press 13May2003 Login Subscribe to journal Email abstract Save article ... Link to this abstract Copy and paste this link: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?aid=149964 Characterization of strongly equivalent logic programs in intermediate logics DICK H. J. DE JONGH and LEX HENDRIKS Institute of Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 24, 1018 TV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (email: dickdj@science.uva.nl

6. Median Logic Such logics are called Intermediate or superintuitionistic. Intermediate logics are usually defined by adding one or more axiom schemas weaker than LEM to http://sakharov.net/median.html

Home Email Alexander Sakharov Irina ... Tim Projects Resources Sport Photos Median Logic Math Foundations Badminton Clubs Trip Photos ... Assertion Propagation Median Logic The question 'Which of the two logics - classical and intuitionistic - is better?' has been around for about a century. Each has certain advantages over the other in certain dimensions. Both intuitionistic and classical logic have issues, too. Classical logic has decent models but existence proofs are not constructive in it. Intuitionistic logic has disjunction and existence properties and thus constructive proofs but the propositional fragment of intuitionistic logic while being finite does not have a finite model. It seems that classical logic has a 'better' propositional part whereas intuitionistic logic is 'better' suited for purely predicate statements. Is it possible to combine the best of both worlds? Research in this domain was initiated by Godel and Tarski almost as soon as intuitionistic logic emerged. Since derivable intuitionistic formulas constitute a subset of derivable classical formulas, the focus of this research is on investigating properties of the logics lying between the two. Such logics are called intermediate or superintuitionistic. Intermediate logics are usually defined by adding one or more axiom schemas weaker than LEM to intuitionistic logic. I introduced a bizarre intermediate logic that coincides with classical logic in its propositional part and coincides with intuitionistic logic in its purely predicate part. This logic is closed under modus ponens and closed under propositional substitution. This logic is a minimal intermediate logic that coincides with classical logic in its propositional part and coincides with intuitionistic logic on the set of formulas not containing propositional symbols. The minimality of median logic is critical because it implies that no other extension covering classical propositional logic can be made more ‘intuitionistic’ than median logic. Whereas supersets of median logic are less intuitionistic, its subsets are not fully classical in the propositional part.

7. CiNii - Kripke Models And Intermediate Logics Kripke Models and Intermediate logics. ONO Hiroakira 1. 1Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University. Read/Search Full Text. Holdings http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110001839698/en/

Top Page Browse Publications Citation Index CiNii+Citation Index ... Japanese Journal Title Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences Vol.6, No.3(19710300) pp. 461-476 Kyoto University ISSN:00345318 Bibliography Kripke Models and Intermediate Logics ONO Hiroakira [Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University] Read/Search Full Text Holdings NII Article ID (NAID) NII NACSIS-CAT ID (NCID) Text Lang ENG Databases NII-ELS Export Refer/BibIX Format BibTex Format Tab Separated Text (TSV) NII HOME ... NII-REO National Institute of Informatics

8. Michael Kremer | The Department Of Philosophy | The University Of Chicago Divisi We study some more advanced topics in logic, building on Intermediate Logic I. Possible topics include Gödel s incompleteness theorems; higherorder logics http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/faculty/kremer.html

@import url(../styles/screen.css); @import url(../styles/print.css); Home Events Prospective Students ... Contact Us In This Section Core Faculty Emeritus Faculty Staff Print ... Michael Kremer Michael Kremer Michael Kremer is Professor of Philosophy. He received his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh in 1986. Prior to joining the University of Chicago department he taught at the University of Notre Dame for sixteen years. His chief research interests are in logic, philosophy of language, and early analytic philosophy. He also has a strong interest in issues concerning the relationship between reason and religious faith. CV ( RTF Contact office: Stuart Hall, Room 224 office phone: 773/834-9884 email: kremer@uchicago.edu Selected Publications The Cardinal Problem of Philosophy, forthcoming in Wittgenstein and the Moral Life, A. Crary, ed. ( DOC Logicist Responses to Kant: (Early) Russell and (Early) Frege, forthcoming in Philosophical Topics ( PDF Sense and Meaning: The Origins and Development of the Distinction, forthcoming in the Cambridge Companion to Frege, T. Ricketts and M. Potter, eds. Review of Scott Soames, Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century

9. DMG-FG2: People Furthermore, I am interested in the particular features that distinguishes intuitionistic logic from classical logic or other Intermediate logics, http://www.dmg.tuwien.ac.at/fg2/index.php?id=19

10. DBLP: Mauro Ferrari 8 Agata Ciabattoni, Mauro Ferrari Hypertableau and PathHypertableau Calculi for Some Families of Intermediate logics. TABLEAUX 2000 160-174 http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/f/Ferrari:Mauro.html

Mauro Ferrari List of publications from the DBLP Bibliography Server FAQ Coauthor Index - Ask others: ACM DL Guide CiteSeer CSB ... Alessandro Avellone , Mauro Ferrari, Camillo Fiorentini Guido Fiorino Ugo Moscato : ESBC: an application for computing stabilization bounds. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 153 EE Mario Ornaghi Marco Benini , Mauro Ferrari, Camillo Fiorentini Alberto Momigliano : A Constructive Object Oriented Modeling Language for Information Systems. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 153 EE Mauro Ferrari, Camillo Fiorentini Guido Fiorino : On the complexity of the disjunction property in intuitionistic and modal logics. ACM Trans. Comput. Log. 6 EE Mauro Ferrari, Camillo Fiorentini Guido Fiorino : A secondary semantics for Second Order Intuitionistic Propositional Logic. Math. Log. Q. 50 EE Mauro Ferrari, Pierangelo Miglioli Mario Ornaghi : On Uniformly Constructive and Semiconstructive Formal Systems. Logic Journal of the IGPL 11 Mauro Ferrari, Camillo Fiorentini : A Proof-theoretical Analysis of Semiconstructive Intermediate Theories. Studia Logica 73 EE Mauro Ferrari

11. , Vol. 37(51), Pp. 7--15, 1985 Abstract We give semantics for Intermediate logics of the form $H+\vee S$, where $\vee S$ is the schema $$ \underset{(i,j)\in S}\to\vee(A_i\to A_j) $$ and http://www.emis.de/journals/PIMB/051/2.html

Vol. 37(51), pp. 715 (1985) Previous Article Next Article Contents of this Issue Other Issues ... EMIS Home Semantics for some intermediate logics Abstract: Classification (MSC2000): Full text of the article: Compressed PostScript file (59 kilobytes) PDF file (155 kilobytes) Electronic fulltext finalized on: 2 Nov 2001. This page was last modified: 16 Nov 2001. Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts ELibM for the EMIS Electronic Edition

12. M. Zakharyaschev: Research Papers On the independent axiomatizability of modal and Intermediate logics. Journal of Logic and Modal companions of Intermediate propositional logics. http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/~michael/papers1.html

Research papers and books A. Artale, D. Calvanese, R. Kontchakov, V. Ryzhikov and M. Zakharyaschev. Reasoning over Extended ER Models. Accepted for ER'07. Paper A. Artale, D. Calvanese, R. Kontchakov and M. Zakharyaschev. Query Answering in Expressive Variants of DL-Lite. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Italian Symposium on Advanced Database Systems (SEBD 2007, Torre Canne, Fasano, Italy, June 17-20, 2007), pp. 250-257, 2007. Paper R. Kontchakov, F. Wolter and M. Zakharyaschev. Modularity in DL-Lite. Proceedings of DL'07 (Brixen/Bressanone, Italy, June 8-10, 2007), pp. 76-87, 2007. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 250. Paper A. Artale, D. Calvanese, R. Kontchakov, V. Ryzhikov and M. Zakharyaschev. Complexity of Reasoning over Entity-Relationship Models. Proceedings of DL'07 (Brixen/Bressanone, Italy, June 8-10, 2007), pp. 163-170, 2007. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 250. Paper A. Artale, R. Kontchakov, C. Lutz, F. Wolter and M. Zakharyaschev. Temporalising tractable description logics. In V. Goranko and X.S. Wang, editors, Proceedings of TIME 2007 (Alicante, Spain, June 28-30, 2007), pp. 11-22. IEEE Computer Society, 2007. Paper A. Artale, D. Calvanese, R. Kontchakov, and M. Zakharyaschev.

13. Springer Online Reference Works The most natural way of specifying Intermediate logics is by Intermediate The set of all Intermediate logics is a lattice under the inclusion relation http://eom.springer.de/I/i051880.htm

Encyclopaedia of Mathematics I Article referred from Article refers to Intermediate logic of propositions, propositional intermediate logic An arbitrary consistent set of propositional formulas that is closed under the derivation rule modus ponens and the substitution rule , and that contains all axioms of intuitionistic propositional calculus The most natural way of specifying intermediate logics is by intermediate propositional calculi. Each such calculus is given by adding a certain number of classical generally-valid propositional formulas to the axioms of The set of all intermediate logics is a lattice under the inclusion relation , and the finitely-axiomatizable intermediate logics form a sublattice in it, in which every finite distributive lattice can be isomorphically imbedded. An intermediate logic is called solvable if there is an algorithm that, for any propositional formula , recognizes whether does or does not belong to . Thus, classical and intuitionistic logic are both solvable. In general, any finitely-approximated (cf. below) finitely-axiomatizable intermediate logic is solvable. An example of a finitely-axiomatizable unsolvable intermediate logic has been constructed (cf. An intermediate logic is called disjunctive if implies that or . Intuitionistic logic, e.g., has this property, but classical logic does not. There is an infinite number of disjunctive intermediate logics.

14. Dr. Marcus Kracht: Publications In Mathematics On Extensions of Intermediate logics by Strong Negation , Journal of Philosophical Logic 27(1998), 49 73. Simulation and Transfer Results in Modal Logic http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/Kracht/html/public-math.html

Publications in Mathematics Books and Lecture Notes " (2001, in German) Tools and Techniques in Modal Logic ", Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics No. 142, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1999. Articles Elementary Models for Modal Predicate Logics, Part 2: Modal Individuals Revisited ", in Reinhard Kahle (ed.): "Intensionality", 2005, 60 - 96. (with Oliver Kutz). Notes On Substitution in First-Order Logic ", in: Vincent Hendricks, Fabian Neuhaus, Stig-Andur Pedersen, Uwe Scheffler, Heinrich Wansing (eds.): First-Order Logic Revisited , Logos Verlag, Berlin, 2004, 155 - 172. Notes on the Space Requirements for Checking Satisfiability in Modal Logics ", IN: Philippe Balbiani, Nobo-Yuki Suzuki, Frank Wolter and Michael Zakaryaschev (eds.): Advances in Modal Logic 4 , King's College Publications, 2003, 243 - 264. "Invariant Logics", Mathematical Logic Quarterly 48(2002), 29 - 50. "Atomic Incompleteness of how to kill one bird with two stones", Bulletin of Section Logic 30/2(2001), 71 - 78. "Elementary Models for Modal Predicate Logic. Part I: Completeness", in: F. Wolter, M. de Rijke, H. Wansing, and M. Zakharyaschev (eds.): Proceedings of AiML 2000 (with Oliver Kutz).

15. Intuitionistic And Intermediate Logics In CoS Hi, I am currently working on formalizing intuitionistic and Intermediate logics (Dummett s LC and firstorder Goedel logic) in CoS. http://osdir.com/ml/science.mathematics.frogs/2006-05/msg00001.html

var addthis_pub = 'comforteagle'; science.mathematics.frogs Top All Lists Date Thread Intuitionistic and intermediate logics in CoS Subject Intuitionistic and intermediate logics in CoS Hi, I am currently working on formalizing intuitionistic and intermediate logics (Dummett's LC and first-order Goedel logic) in CoS. I have a draft paper written; if any of you happen to be working on the same thing, or are interested, please let me know and I can send the paper to you. You can find the abstract below. Best, -Alwen A local system for intuitionistic logic Abstract: This paper presents systems for first-order intuitionistic logic and several of its extensions in which all the propositional rules are local, in the sense that, in applying the rules of the system, one needs only a fixed amount of information about the logical expressions involved. The main source of non-locality is the contraction rules. We show that the contraction rules can be restricted to the atomic ones, provided we employ deep inference, i.e., to allow rules to apply anywhere inside logical expressions. We further show that the use of deep

16. Intermediate Logics And Factors Of The Medvedev Lattice Intermediate logics and factors of the Medvedev lattice. Authors, Sorbi, Andrea; Terwijn, Sebastiaan A. Publication, eprint arXivmath/0606494 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006math......6494S

Sign on Smithsonian/NASA ADS arXiv e-prints Abstract Service Find Similar Abstracts (with default settings below arXiv e-print (arXiv:math/0606494) Also-Read Articles Reads History Translate Abstract Title: Intermediate logics and factors of the Medvedev lattice Authors: Publication: eprint arXiv:math/0606494 Publication Date: Origin: ARXIV Keywords: Mathematics - Logic Bibliographic Code: Abstract We investigate the initial segments of the Medvedev lattice as Brouwer algebras, and study the propositional logics connected to them. Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract (see Preferences Find Similar Abstracts: Use: Authors Title Keywords (in text query field) Abstract Text Return: Query Results Return items starting with number Query Form Database: Astronomy Physics arXiv e-prints Smithsonian/NASA ADS Homepage ADS Sitemap Query Form Basic Search ... FAQ

17. Hypersequent Calculi For Some Intermediate Logics With Bounded Kripke Models Hypersequent Calculi for some Intermediate logics with Bounded Kripke Models. Agata Ciabattoni. Journal Title Journal of Logic and Computation. Date 2001 http://wotan.liu.edu/docis/show?doc=dbl/joloco/2001_11_2_283_HCFSIL.htm&query=

18. Rosalie Iemhoff Properties of Intuitionistic Provability and Preservativity logics. COMBLOG 04, Logic Journal of the IGPL 13 (6), 2005. ps. R. Iemhoff. Intermediate logics http://www.phil.uu.nl/~iemhoff/papers.html

Publications M. Baaz and R. Iemhoff. Konstruktivismus und Intuitionismus. (German) Internationale Mathematische Nachrichte 150, Oesterreich, 2006. ps S. Artemov and R. Iemhoff. The basic intuitionistic logic of proofs. Journal of Symbolic Logic , 72 (2), 2007 (p. 439-451). ps M. Baaz and R. Iemhoff. On the Skolemization of existential quantifiers in intuitionistic logic. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic , 142 (1-3), 2006 (p.269-295). ps M. Baaz and R. Iemhoff. On the proof theory of the existence predicate. We will show them! Essays in honour of Dov Gabbay , S. Artemov, H. Barringer, A. Garcez, L. Lamb and J. Woods (editors), King's College Publications, 2005. ps M. Baaz and R. Iemhoff. On interpolation in existence logics. Proceedings LPAR 2005 , Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3835, 2005 (697-711). ps M. Baaz and R. Iemhoff. Gentzen calculi for the existence predicate. Studia Logica , 82 (1), 2006 (p.7-23). ps R.Iemhoff. A note on linear Kripke models. Journal of Logic and Computation , 15 (4), 2005 (p. 489-506).

19. TABLEAUX 2005 Parallel versions of Lorenzen s game and corresponding hypersequent systems for Intermediate logics. Dialogue games as models of distributed proof search. http://tableaux2005.uni-koblenz.de/tutorials.html

Tutorials All tutorials will be held in parallel Tutorial 1 Instance Based Methods The term 'instance based methods' (IBM) refers to a family of methods for first-order logic theorem proving. IBMs share the principle of carrying out proof search by maintaining a set of instances of input clauses and analyzing it for satisfiability until completion. IBMs are conceptually essentially different to well established methods like resolution or free-variable analytic tableaux. Also, IBMs exhibit a search space and termination behaviour (in the satisfiable case) different from those methods, which makes them attractive from a practical point of view as a complementary method. This observation is also supported empirically by results obtained with the first serious implementations available (carried out by Letz and Stenz, cf. the system competitions (CASC) at CADE-18 and CADE-19). The idea behind IBMs is already present in a rudimentary way in the work by Davis, Putnam, Logemann and Loveland in the early sixties. The contemporary stream of research on IBMs was initiated with the Plaisted's Hyperlinking calculus in 1992. Since then, other methods have been developed by Plaisted and his coworkers. Billon's disconnection calculus was picked up by Letz and Stenz and has been significantly developed further since then. New methods have also been introduced by Hooker, Baumgartner and Tinelli, and more recently by Ganzinger and Korovin. The stream of publications over the last years demonstrates a growing interest in IBMs. The ideas presented there show that research on IBMs still is in the middle of development, and that there is high potential further improvements and extensions like equality and theory handling, which is currently investigated.

20. Citebase - Characterization Of Strongly Equivalent Logic Programs In Intermediat (1999) Duplicationfree tableau calculi and related cut-free sequent calculi for the interpolable propositional Intermediate logics. Logic Journal of the http://www.citebase.org/abstract?identifier=oai:arXiv.org:cs/0206005&action=cite

21. Scientific Commons Computable Kripke Models And Intermediate We investigate e ectiveness of completeness by Kripke results for Intermediate logics such as for example, intuitionistic logic, classical logic, http://en.scientificcommons.org/314637

22. Duplication-free Tableau Calculi And Related Cut-free Sequent Calculi For The In We get cutfree sequent calculi for the interpolable propositional Intermediate logics by translating suitable duplication-free tableau calculi developed http://jigpal.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/7/4/447

@import "/resource/css/hw.css"; @import "/resource/css/igpl.css"; Skip Navigation Oxford Journals Contact Us My Basket ... Volume 7, Number 4 Pp. 447-480 Logic Journal of IGPL 1999 7(4):447-480; doi:10.1093/jigpal/7.4.447 Oxford University Press This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My Personal Archive ... Request Permissions Google Scholar Articles by Avellone, A Articles by Miglioli, P Search for Related Content Duplication-free tableau calculi and related cut-free sequent calculi for the interpolable propositional intermediate logics A Avellone M Ferrari and P Miglioli We get cut-free sequent calculi for the interpolable propositional intermediate logics by translating suitable duplication-free tableau calculi developed within a semantical framework. From this point of view, the paper also provides semantical proofs of the admissibility of the cut-rule for appropriate cut-free sequent calculi.

23. Www.vlsi-world.com - State Machine Encoding (Gray, Binary And One-hot) This kind of state coding avoids Intermediate logics. For example if a sate wants to change it’s state from 01 to 10 . Here both bits are getting changed http://www.vlsi-world.com/content/view/42/34/

Home Site Map Authors Links ... Contact Main Menu Home HDL Devices Tools ... List of VLSI Terms Definitions Login Form Username Password Remember me Lost Password? No account yet? Register Home HDL VHDL Examples State machine encoding (Gray, Binary and One-hot) State machine encoding (Gray, Binary and One-hot) Save this page Page 1 of 4 Each state of a state machine can be represented with a unique pattern of high (1) and low (0) register output signals, this process called "encoding." The two primary encoding methods are binary and one-hot encoding. One-hot encoding uses one flip-flop for each state. For example if there are 10 states in logic then it will use 10 flip-flops. This type of encoding is fast because only one bit needed to check for each state. It implies complex logic and more area inside the chip due to more number of flip-flops. Check the following one hot encoded state values (for a 4 state state-machine) Gray encoding (a type of binary encoding) is especially useful when the outputs of the state bits are used asynchronously. This kind of state coding avoids intermediate logics. For example if a sate wants to change it’s state from "01" to "10". Here both bits are getting changed, in reality both flip-flops will not change at the same time. So there are two possibilities for this transition. Check this following diagram for the two possible transitions. Now it is clear that there is an intermediate state exits while state transitioning. If any logic reads this state variable asynchronously then output will be unpredictable. This intermediate logic avoided by using gray code. In Gray coding; between state transitions only one bit will change. See the following gray state values there is only one bit is changing during state transition. This completely eliminates intermediate states.

24. [Author] Alexander Sakharov [Title] Median Logic [AMS Subj-class Author Alexander Sakharov Title Median logic AMS Subjclass 03B55 Intermediate logics 03B20 Subsystems of classical logic Abstract Median logic http://www.mathsoc.spb.ru/preprint/2004/04-12.txt

[Author] Alexander Sakharov [Title] Median logic [AMS Subj-class] 03B55 Intermediate logics 03B20 Subsystems of classical logic [Abstract] Median logic introduced here is a minimal intermediate logic that combines classical properties in its propositional part and intuitionistic properties for derivations not containing propositional symbols. A sequent calculus and other formulations are presented for median logic. Cut elimination is proven for the sequent calculus formulation. Constrained Kripke structures are introduced for modeling median logic. The extent of the disjunction and existence properties is investigated. [Keywords] intermediate logic, classical logic, intuitionistic logic, sequent calculus, cut elimination, Kripke structures, disjunction property, existence property [Comments] LaTeX, English, 20 pp. [Contact e-mail] alex@sakharov.net

25. Intermediate Logics (logic) - Philosophy Dictionary And Research Guide Intermediate logics In mathematical logic, an Intermediate logic (also called superintuitionistic) is a propositional logic extend. http://www.123exp-beliefs.com/t/00804286309/

The Language of Philosophy - Dictionary and Research Guide Provided by Search: Add to Favorites Intermediate logics In mathematical logic, an intermediate logic (also called superintuitionistic) is a propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic. Classical logic is the strongest consistent intermediate logic, whence the name (the logics are intermediate between intuitionistic and classical logics). Wikipedia and Wikis Intermediate logics - Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_logics More topics about: Intermediate logics Edit this page Add new links, rate and edit existing links, or make suggestions. - Staff Explore related topics: Kripke semantics Dana Scott Hilary Putnam Michael Dummett ... mathematical logic Some descriptions may have been derived in part from Princeton University WordNet or Wikipedia Last update: December 19, 2007

26. British Library Direct: Order Details Order from the British Library On the rules of Intermediate logics. http://direct.bl.uk/research/54/39/RN189636075.html

This is an article from British Library Direct, a new service that allows you to search across 20,000 journals for free and order full text using your credit card. Buy this article Search British Library Direct Return to Search Engine Article details Article title On the rules of intermediate logics Author Iemhoff, R. Journal title ARCHIVE FOR MATHEMATICAL LOGIC Bibliographic details 2006, VOL 45; NUMBER 5, pages 581-599 Publisher SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL Country of publication Germany ISBN ISSN Language English Pricing To buy the full text of this article you pay: service charge To see the abstract, point to the 'A' icon Abstract: If the Visser rules are admissible for an intermediate logic, they form a basis for the admissible rules of the logic. How to characterize the admissible rules of intermediate logics for which not all of the Visser rules are admissible is not known. In this paper we give a brief overview of results on admissible rules in the context of intermediate logics. We apply these results to some well-known intermediate logics. We provide natural examples of logics for which the Visser rule are derivable, admissible but nonderivable, or not admissible.

27. Mauro Ferrari On the complexity of disjunction and explicit definability properties in some Intermediate logics. In LPAR 2002 Logic for Programming Artificial http://www.dicom.uninsubria.it/~ferram/publications/

Mauro Ferrari - Publications - By topic Home Page Publications Didattica (in italian) By topic ... PhD Thesis Indice Intuitionistic and intermediate logics Complexity of proofs Information extraction/Program synthesis Modal logics ... Intuitionistic and intermediate logics M. Ferrari, C. Fiorentini, and G. Fiorino. On the complexity of the disjunction property in intuitionistic and modal logics. ACM, TOCL Abstract ACM Transactions on Computational Logic(TOCL) M. Ferrari, C. Fiorentini, and G. Fiorino. A secondary semantics for second order intuitionistic propositional logic. Mathematical Logic Quarterly Abstract In this paper we propose a Kripke-style semantics for second order intuitionistic propositional logic and we provide a semantical proof of the disjunction and the explicit definability property. Moreover, we provide a tableau calculus which is sound and complete with respect to such a semantics. M. Ferrari and C.Fiorentini. A proof-theoretical analysis of semiconstructive intermediate theories. Studia Logica Abstract In the 80's Pierangelo Miglioli, starting from motivations in the framework of Abstract Data Types and Program Synthesis, introduced semiconstructive theories, a family of ``large subsystems'' of classical theories that guarantee the computability of functions and predicates represented by suitable formulas. In general, the above computability results are guaranteed by algorithms based on a recursive enumeration of the theorems of the whole system. In this paper we present a family of semiconstructive systems, we call

28. A Sequence Of Decidable Finitely Axiomatizable Intermediate Logics rdfslabel, A Sequence of Decidable Finitely Axiomatizable Intermediate logics with the Disjunction Property. (xsdstring). swrcnumber, 1 (xsdstring) http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/publications/journals/jsyml/GabbayJ74

29. DI & CoS - Current Research Topics And Open Problems Intermediate logics It should be possible, and probably rather easy, to present in CoS some Intermediate logics like Corsi s logic and Gödel s logic. http://alessio.guglielmi.name/res/cos/crt.html

Alessio Guglielmi's Research Deep Inference and the Calculus of Structures / Current Research Topics and Open Problems Deep Inference and the Calculus of Structures Current Research Topics and Open Problems In this page I list all open and currently explored research subjects I am aware of, in the area of deep inference and closely related matters. The solutions to most of these problems are instrumental in reaching the common goal of a comprehensive bureaucracy-free proof theory based on geometric methods. Contents Introduction Calculus of Structures Calculus of structures without involutive negation Designing term calculi for systems in the calculus of structures ... Describing causal quantum evolution Introduction In very few words, what we do is looking for the best syntax and the best semantics for proofs (notice that semantics of proofs is a very different thing from semantics of formulae!). It is necessary to improve on the current state of the art in structural proof theory in order to solve important open problems like that of identity of proofs . By employing deep inference, which yields the necessary flexibility for the task, we are making very fast progress.

30. Welcome To The JANCL Web Site Nonclassical logics cover a large variety of formalisms such as modal logics, temporal logics, epistemic logics, conditional logics, Intermediate logics, http://www.irit.fr/JANCL/

Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics JANCL webpage ) which aims at promoting the development of non-classical logics in Computer Science, with contributions ranging from mathematical foundations of such logics to their applications in Computer Science. Non-classical logics cover a large variety of formalisms such as: modal logics, temporal logics, epistemic logics, conditional logics, intermediate logics, non-monotonic logics, logics of vagueness, logics of uncertainty, relevance logics, paraconsistent logics, multivalued logics, logics of programs, etc. The following areas, among others, are relevant for the Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics: Formal aspects of non-classical formalisms (completeness, decidability, complexity...) Applications of non-classical logics to: Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science (knowledge representation, automated reasoning, natural language,...) Theoretical Computer Science (program verification, program synthesis...) Applications to other domains are welcome if they illustrate the usefulness of non-classical logics. The journal is published four times a year (twice a year before 1996) with regular papers describing original work or high quality synthesis work, short research notes, position papers, a problem section, information about meetings and conferences, call for papers, and book reviews. Contacts: Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics Webm@ster Last update: June 21, 2006

31. Intermediate Logic - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia In mathematical logic, an Intermediate logic (also called superintuitionistic) is a propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_logics

var wgNotice = ""; var wgNoticeLocal = ""; var wgNoticeLang = "en"; var wgNoticeProject = "wikipedia"; Intermediate logic From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Intermediate logics Jump to: navigation search In mathematical logic , an intermediate logic (also called superintuitionistic ) is a propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic Classical logic is the strongest consistent intermediate logic, whence the name (the logics are intermediate between intuitionistic logic and classical logic). There exists a continuum of different intermediate logics. Specific intermediate logics are often constructed by adding one or more axioms to intuitionistic logic, or by a semantical description. Examples of intermediate logics include: intuitionistic logic ( IPC Int IL H classical logic ( CPC Cl CL IPC + P ∨ ¬P the logic of the weak excluded middle KC Jankov 's logic, De Morgan logic): IPC + ¬¬P ∨ ¬P G¶del Dummett logic ( LC G IPC + (P → Q) ∨ (Q → P) Kreisel Putnam logic: IPC + (¬P → (Q ∨ R)) → ((¬P → Q) ∨ (¬P → R)) Medvedev 's logic of finite problems ( LM or ML realizability logics Scott 's logic: IPC + ((¬¬P → P) → (P ∨ ¬P)) → (¬¬P ∨ ¬P) Smetanich's logic: IPC + (¬Q → P) → (((P → Q) → P) → P) The tools for studying intermediate logics are similar to those used for intuitionistic logic, such as

32. Intermediate Logic Student Textbook 2nd Edition Expanded, Corrected, Completely Redesigned New Edition! This is the textbook used in the 2nd semester of 8th grade at Logos School, taught by James Nance, http://www.logosschool.com/materials/shop/item.asp?itemid=82

33. Intermediate Logic This class is a study of the language of firstorder logic (FOL). One reason to study FOL is the intrinsic interest of the central concept it is built to http://www3.baylor.edu/~Todd_Buras/Intermediate Logic-06.htm

Todd Buras courses papers events ... links Contact Information Morrison Hall 224 Phone: 254-710-7338 Todd_Buras@baylor.edu Phil: 4345Intermediate Logic Fall 2006 course information course description course objectives course requirements ... graduate section meetings Course Information Instructor: Todd Buras Office: MH 224 Office Hours: MWF 10-12, TTH 8-9.30, and by appointment Phone: 710-7338 (office); 752-0169 (home) e-mail: Todd_Buras@baylor.edu Required Text: John Barwise and John Etchemendy, Language, Proof and Logic (CSLI Publications). A note on the text: You will need the textbook and the software package that comes with it. DO NOT buy a used copy of this text . What you are paying for is the registration ID for the software, which is only good for one user. So a used copy will be of no use to you (and you should not expect to get much for your used copy). Believe me, the use of this software is worth paying for! back to top Course Description This class is a study of the language of first-order logic (FOL). One reason to study FOL is the intrinsic interest of the central concept it is built to study: consequence.

34. Intermediate Logic This course goes beyond an introduction to logic and deals not merely with the formal mechanics of proving validity, soundness, consistency, http://www.humboldt.edu/~mfg1/web315.html

P r o s p e c t u s for Intermediate L o gic Philosophy 315, Spring 2004 Michael F. Goodman Department of Philosophy Humboldt State University Texts: Available at the HSU Bookstore Philosophy of Logics [PL], by Susan Haack Introductory Modal Logic [ML], by Kenneth Konyndyk First Logic , 2/e [FL], by Michael Goodman Some talk about this course. 'Austin was certain he was dead; his psychiatrist endeavored to convince him otherwise. The doctor got Austin to admit that dead men don't bleed, whereupon the doctor grabbed a scalpel and nicked his patient's arm. Watching blood flow from the cut, Austin exclaimed, "By Jove, dead men do bleed!"' Austin may, indeed, be even less healthy than he thinks, but one thing seems certain, i.e., at least one man who is dead and bleeding has not completely lost his powers of rationality, for Austin's argument is valid. But, what exactly is this argument, what does 'valid' mean, and how do we know it really is valid? This course goes beyond an introduction to logic and deals not merely with the formal mechanics of proving validity, soundness, consistency, and completeness, but delves into these and other concepts as philosophically interesting in their own right. We will work through a first-order predicate calculus with identity, the logic of relations, modal logic, interpretations, the structure of theories (semantically and axiomatically presented), translating into and out of symbolic notation, and related topics. An introductory level knowledge of formal logic is presupposed in this course. Essentially, anyone who has had a standard beginning course in logic will find the present course to be largely an extension of work previously done. We will begin with a brief review of sentential logic, including natural deduction, truth trees, and translations. From there, we will launch into predicate logic, including truth trees. Don't be scared if you haven't worked with trees before. They are vastly more simple than any system of natural deduction I've ever encountered. After predicate logic we will study one or two systems of modal logic. And, instead of saving the Haack book until the end, which would pretty surely mean we wouldn't get to it, we'll read various parts of it along the way.

35. Atlas: Non-finite Axiomatizability Of The Intermediate Logic Of Chequered Subset The Intermediate logic Cheq corresponds to the modal logic of chequered subsets of R , i.e. finite unions of products of convex subsets of R, introduced by http://atlas-conferences.com/cgi-bin/abstract/caug-46

Atlas home Conferences Abstracts about Atlas ALGEBRAIC AND TOPOLOGICAL METHODS IN NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS III (TANCL'07) August 5-9, 2007 St Anne's College, University of Oxford Oxford, England Organizers Mai Gehrke and Hilary Priestley View Abstracts Conference Homepage Non-finite axiomatizability of the intermediate logic of chequered subsets of R by Timofei Shatrov Moscow State University The intermediate logic Cheq corresponds to the modal logic of chequered subsets of R , i.e. finite unions of products of convex subsets of R , introduced by van Benthem et al. in their paper "Euclidean Hierarchy in Modal Logic" (2003). Recently, there were several publications concerning this logic, but the question of the possibility of its finite axiomatization remained unanswered. We prove that Cheq is not axiomatizable in finite number of variables, answering this question. PDF Date received: May 12, 2007 Atlas Conferences Inc. Document # caug-46.

36. [cs/0206005] Characterization Of Strongly Equivalent Logic Programs In Intermedi In this paper we will show that KC (the logic obtained by adding axiom ~A v ~~A to intuitionistic logic), is the weakest Intermediate logic for which http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.LO/0206005

arXiv.org cs Search or Article-id Help Advanced search All papers Titles Authors Abstracts Full text Help pages Full-text links: Download: PostScript PDF Other formats Citations CiteBase p revious n ... ext Computer Science > Logic in Computer Science Title: Characterization of Strongly Equivalent Logic Programs in Intermediate Logics Authors: Dick de Jongh Lex Hendriks (Submitted on 3 Jun 2002) Abstract: The non-classical, nonmonotonic inference relation associated with the answer set semantics for logic programs gives rise to a relationship of 'strong equivalence' between logical programs that can be verified in 3-valued Goedel logic, G3, the strongest non-classical intermediate propositional logic (Lifschitz, Pearce and Valverde, 2001). In this paper we will show that KC (the logic obtained by adding axiom ~A v ~~A to intuitionistic logic), is the weakest intermediate logic for which strongly equivalent logic programs, in a language allowing negations, are logically equivalent. Comments: Under consideration for publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming Subjects: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)

37. IngentaConnect The Unique Intermediate Logic Whose Every Rule Is Archetypal In this paper we provide a proof of this conjecture and show that it is the unique Intermediate logic with this property. Keywords Rules of inference, http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oup/igpl/2005/00000013/00000003/art00269;j

var tcdacmd="dt"; Home About Ingenta Ingenta Labs Ingenta Blog ... Check our FAQs Or contact us to report problems with: Subscription access Article delivery Registration Library administrator tasks ... Other problems For Publishers Why go online? Why choose IngentaConnect? Beyond Print: enhancing your service Access and authentication ... Contact us For Researchers For Authors About IngentaConnect Search and browse Publications available ... Register For Librarians Resource Zone Why choose IngentaConnect? Why choose IngentaConnect Complete? Activating Subscriptions ... Register CM8ShowAd("HorizontalBanner"); The Unique Intermediate Logic Whose Every Rule is Archetypal Author: Source: Logic Journal of the IGPL , Volume 13, Number 3, May 2005 , pp. 269-275(7) Publisher: Oxford University Press view table of contents Key: - Free Content - New Content - Subscribed Content - Free Trial Content CM8ShowAd("Skyscraper"); Abstract: Informally, we can say that an inference rule is archetypal if any other rule can be transformed to it (up to suitable equivalence) via some substitution for the propositional variables. It was shown by L. Humberstone that, in the case of classical propositional logic, every non-degenerate binary rule is archetypal and conjectured that this result holds also for all rules in the full language. In this paper we provide a proof of this conjecture and show that it is the unique intermediate logic with this property.

38. Characterization Of Strongly Equivalent Logic Programs In Intermediate Logics In this paper we will show that KC (the logic obtained by adding axiom $\neg A\vee\neg\neg A$ to intuitionistic logic), is the weakest Intermediate logic http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=986819.986820&dl=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=15151

39. Department Of Computer Science - Deep Inference Systems For Intuitionistic And I I will further show that the use of deep inference allows for modular extensions of intuitionistic logic to Dummett s Intermediate logic LC, Goedel logic http://www.cs.bath.ac.uk/department/logic-seminar/deep-inference-systems-for-int

Home Text size: Deep Inference Systems for Intuitionistic and Intermediate Logics Dr Alwen Tiu Australian National University University of Bath Wednesday 30th May Abstract: [ Back ] Home About Us News ... Text only

40. Intermediate Logic: Student First, in order to present to the student a more logical progression of topics, the section on defining terms has been moved from Intermediate Logic to http://www.canonpress.org/shop/item.asp?itemid=1048

41. Intuitionistic Logic (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) An Intermediate propositional logic is any consistent collection of propositional formulas containing all the axioms of IPC and closed under modus ponens http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-intuitionistic/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Intuitionistic Logic First published Wed Sep 1, 1999; substantive revision Tue Feb 6, 2007 Intuitionistic logic encompasses the principles of logical reasoning which were used by L. E. J. Brouwer in developing his intuitionistic mathematics, beginning in [1907]. Because these principles also underly Russian recursive analysis and the constructive analysis of E. Bishop and his followers, intuitionistic logic may be considered the logical basis of constructive mathematics Philosophically, intuitionism differs from logicism by treating logic as a part of mathematics rather than as the foundation of mathematics; from finitism by allowing (constructive) reasoning about infinite collections; and from platonism by viewing mathematical objects as mental constructs with no independent ideal existence. Hilbert's formalist program, to justify classical mathematics by reducing it to a formal system whose consistency should be established by finitistic (hence constructive) means, was the most powerful contemporary rival to Brouwer's developing intuitionism. In his 1912 essay Intuitionism and Formalism Brouwer correctly predicted that any attempt to prove the consistency of complete induction on the natural numbers would lead to a vicious circle.

42. E Library - Article Semantics for Some Intermediate LogicsMilan Boži Keywords. Page Viewer. Quick Search. Remote Address 66.249.66.102 • Server elib.mi.sanu.ac.yuHTTP User http://elib.mi.sanu.ac.yu/pages/browse_article.php?PHPSESSID=e6e2115eaa43e86b95b

43. Intermediate Logic Intermediate Logic Book by David Bostock; 1997. Publication Information Book Title Intermediate Logic. Contributors David Bostock author. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=96125860

44. Oxford University Press: Intermediate Logic: David Bostock Intermediate Logic is an ideal text for anyone who has taken a first course in logic and is progressing to further study. It examines logical theory, http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Philosophy/LogicMathematics/?vi